精子领形成及精子领内运输相关蛋白的研究进展

Regulation of Manchette Formation and Intra-Manchette Transport

精子领(manchette)是一种暂时存在于精子形成过程中的结构,主要由微管和肌动蛋白构成。作为细胞骨架的特殊组织形式,精子领还与精子细胞中的核骨架及中心体存在相互作用。在精子细胞变形过程中,精子领是运输囊泡和蛋白质的重要平台,其结构或功能异常可能导致鞭毛组装及精子核成形障碍,最终影响雄性生育能力。综述精子领的结构组成、形成及解聚、精子领内运输(intra-manchette transport,IMT)及调控机制。其中,调控精子领形成及维持的蛋白包括钩蛋白家族、中心体蛋白家族、纤毛及鞭毛相关蛋白家族等;参与IMT的蛋白包括驱动蛋白家族、鞭毛内运输蛋白复合体-B等。深入了解精子领相关机制有助于阐明部分男性生精障碍病例的病因及病理机制,也可为男性避孕方法的开发提供新的思路。

Manchette is the structure that transiently exists in the process of spermiogenesis,mainly composed of microtubules and actins.As a specialized part of cytoskeleton in spermatids,manchette also interacts with the nuclear skeleton and centrosome.Manchette is actually a platform for the vesicles and proteins transportation during the spermatid transformation.Therefore,the malformation and/or dysfunction of the manchette may lead to the failure of flagella assembly and/or sperm head shaping,ultimately causing negative effects on male fertility.This review introduces the recent research progresses on the manchette dynamics and intra-manchette transport(IMT),especially the related regulators.Among which,the proteins regulating the formation and maintenance of manchette include hook protein family,centrosomal protein family,cilia-and flagella-associated proteins,etc.The factors participating in the IMT include the kinesin family,intraflagellar transport complex-B and so on.The more understanding of the manchette will help us to clarify the etiology and pathology of male spermatogenic disorders,and also provide us new idea for the development of male contraceptive methods.