环境侵权精神利益的司法保护现况与完善--基于16份裁判文书的实证分析

Current Situation and Perfection of Spiritual Interests Judicial Protection in Environmental Infringement based on Empirical Analysis of 16 Judicial Documents

环境侵权中精神利益的权利化表现包括但不限于清洁空气权、宁静权、清洁水权、风景权和亲水权。我国环境侵权精神利益损害的最普遍救济途径是环境侵权精神损害赔偿。基于16个典型案例样本的分析显示,目前,我国环境侵权精神损害赔偿的司法适用存在两个障碍,一是司法实践尚无明确、统一的赔偿数额算定方法,二是主体反应差异化障碍效应明显。为加强环境侵权精神利益的司法保护,应构建赔偿方式的多元和多样化救济渠道、加快环境侵权精神损害赔偿抚慰金算定方法的统一化进程、细化环境侵权精神损害程度认定的标准、采取归责原则上“二元论”的划分、适用合乎理性的环境侵权精神损害因果关系理论、建立社会化机制并重视环境侵权精神损害赔偿体系中存在的特殊问题。

The manifestation of spiritual interests in environmental infringement includes but is not limited to clean air right,quiet right,clean water right,landscape right and water preference right.In China,the most common relief is compensation for mental damage of environmental infringement.Based on the analysis of 16 typical cases,there are two obstacles in the judicial application of the compensation at present.One is that there is no clear and unified method to calculate the compensation amount in judicial practice,and the other is that the differentiated barrier effect of subject response is obvious.In order to strengthen the judicial protection,it is necessary to construct multiple and diversified relief channels of compensation methods,speed up the process of unifying the calculation method of compensation,refine the standard for determining the mental damage degree,adopt the dualism principle to divide imputation,apply a rational theory of causality,establish socialization mechanism and pay attention to the special problems existing in the compensation system.