替代汞三相点的研究和新温标展望

Prospect for Replacement of the Mercury Triple Point and a New Temperature Scale

从国际温标ITS-90的定义固定点中替代汞三相点,是全球禁止汞的商业交易公约实施的必然结果,也是国际温度计量领域的一个研究热点。要达到替代的目标,候选替代物三相点温坪的计量性能必须达到汞三相点的水平,替代物三相点的复现装置成本可接受、复现技术不复杂;汞三相点被替代后,必然引起温标结构的改变。针对上述问题,对国际温度计量领域替代汞三相点的研究进行了综述,对新温标将如何修订进行了展望和建议。

The replacement of the mercury triple point from the set of the defining points consituting the International Temperature Scale ITS-90 is indispensable in correspondence to the prohibition action of mercury from commercial trade.The research with the replacement of the mercury triple point is a hot point in the international thermometry community.Finishing such an objective,the thermometric properties of candidates are required to agree with the levels of the triple point of mercury.In addition,the cost and impact to most of users are acceptable with the replacement,the thermometric technology with the new fixed point(s)is as convenience as the old one.The change for the temperature scale with the replacement has to be addressed for every possibility.The researches on replacing mercury triple point in the international thermometry community are reviewed,and the prospect and suggestions on how to revise the new temperature scale are put forward.