“双减”与“双拼”:教育政策大变革中的亲职焦虑与家庭教养

“Double Reduction”and“Double Struggle”:Parental Anxiety and Family Strategies in the Great Reform of Education Policy

“双减”政策的实施是我国基础教育领域的一次大变革,围绕“双减”目标的实现,学生、学校、家长和校外培训市场等教育行为主体都在积极调适自己的身份。对家长来说,如何在“双减”政策环境下转变家庭教养观念和履行父母职责是一个新的挑战。在教育依然是实现阶层向上流动重要通道的大背景下,孩子们多出的课余时间使得“拼爹”与“拼妈”的“双拼”竞争在“双减”之后变得更加激烈,由此产生的亲职焦虑依然是当代家长们的心理症候。究其原因,教育市场化转型、科学教养监管和家庭角色结构转型等因素是家庭教养方式转变和亲职焦虑背后的重要影响因素。“双减”后,父母履行亲职能力的差异导致竞争焦虑在不同阶层间的差异较大,而科学的教养标准进一步加诸亲职,使在以孩子为中心的现代家庭中,能否有效履行亲职成为父母们的主要忧虑。

The implementation of the“double reduction”policy is a great reform in the field of basic education in China.Around the realization of the“double reduction”goal,students,schools,parents and afterschool training market and other educational subjects are actively adjusting their identities.It is a new challenge for parents to change their concept of family education and fulfill their parental duties under the“double reduction”policy.Under the background that education is still an important channel to achieve social mobility,children’s extra spare time makes the“double struggle”competition between“father”and“mother”more intense after the“double reduction”,and the resulting parental anxiety is still a psychological symptom of contemporary parents.The transformation of education market,scientific parenting supervision and the transformation of family role structure are the important influencing factors behind the transformation of family upbringing style and parental anxiety.It is found that competition of parental performance is inevitable due to market influence.After the“double reduction”,the differences between parents’ability to perform duties make competition anxiety unevenly distributed among different classes.At the same time,being able to perform duties effectively under the supervision of the new parenting standards is a major concern for parents.Finally,“double reduction”makes parents more child-centered,and behind the anxiety is intensive parental work.