中国经验研究及其拓展何以可能?——以郑杭生的“主体意识”概念为例

How Is the Study of Chinese Experiences and Its Enhancement Possible:A Perspective of Hangsheng Zheng’s Concept of Subjectivities

社会学研究者是否具备“主体意识”,是提高中国社会学本土化与国际化水平的关键。郑杭生认为,为社会设立法度的责任意识、建设性的反省—批判意识、超越本土特色的竞争—发展意识等维度,是中国社会学主体意识凸显的表征。“为社会设立法度的责任意识”是社会学研究者面向社会事实的基本立场,它要求研究者承担起探究社会发展方向的任务;“建设性反省—批判意识”是社会学研究者面向社会学理论的基本素养,它要求研究者有选择地将自己文化传统和西方已有的理论成果应用到中国经验研究之中;“超越本土特色的竞争—发展意识”则是社会学研究者面向国际同行的基本态度,它要求中国学者将“借鉴国外、跳出国外”当作目标,将中国经验研究转化为国际学术话语权,从而增强理论自觉的基本功力,正确总结“中国理念”,探索“中国道路”。

In the Chinese academic world, the development of sociology indigenization and internationalization rely on the subjectivities of sociologists. In Hangsheng Zheng’s opinion, such subjectivities are embodied in the multi-dimension consciousness of Chinese sociologists. Firstly, the consciousness of orienting society is the basic position of sociologists when they deal with social facts, which demands that sociologists take on the tasks of promoting society. Secondly, the consciousness of self-reflection is the basic capacity of sociologists when they are constructing social theories, which demands that sociologists apply both their own theories and western theories to the study of Chinese experiences conditionally. Thirdly, the consciousness of competitiveness is the basic attitude of sociologists when they communicate with foreign scholars, which demands that Chinese sociologists not only learn from but also exceed Western scholars so as to transform the study of Chinese experiences into a leading voice in the international academic world. In this way, Chinese sociologists can enhance their theoretical consciousness and find a unique way of developing Chinese society.