贵州乡村生态宜居情况调查及研究——以黔东南地区为例

Investigation and Study on Rural Ecological Livability in Guizhou——Taking Southeast Guizhou as an Example

为了探求贵州乡村宜居建设的适当方式,以黔东南为例,采用交通道路情况、网络覆盖状况、住房结构形式、公共娱乐实施等16项指标,以调查问卷的形式对黔东南州18个村组的基础设施、社会保障、文化教育、经济发展、生态环境等方面进行调研,并分析生态区位的不同特点对乡村生态宜居情况的影响。根据对调研结果分析,乡村居住现状可分为生态宜居型、发展居住型、传统居住型、宜居改善型四种类型,在基础设施、民生保障、村容村貌、乡村特色等方面变化突出,但在基础设施维护与管理、文化教育资源、人与生态环境矛盾、经济收入来源等方面影响着乡村生态宜居的发展。通过调研分析,结合贵州乡村实际,提出了“生态+特色化”“生态+多产业化”“生态+城镇化”三种建设模式,为贵州乡村生态宜居建设提供参考意见。

In order to explore the appropriate way of rural livable construction in Guizhou,taking Southeast Guizhou as an example,16 indicators such as traffic roads,network coverage,housing structure and public entertainment facilities were used to investigate the infrastructure,social security,culture and education,economic development and ecological environment of 18 villages and groups in Southeast Guizhou in the form of questionnaire,and the influence of different characteristics of ecological location on rural ecological livability was analyzed.According to the analysis,the current situation of rural housing could be divided into four types:ecological livable type,development residential type,traditional residential type and livable improvement type.It was found that there were prominent changes in infrastructure,people's livelihood security,village appearance and rural characteristics,but in infrastructure maintenance and management,cultural and educational resources,contradictions between people and ecological environment,economic income sources and other aspects affect the development of rural ecological livable.Through investigation and analysis,combined with the reality of rural areas in Guizhou,three construction modes of"ecology+characteristic","ecology+multi industrialization"and"ecology+urbanization"were put forward,so as to provide reference for the construction of ecological livable villages in Guizhou.