明初客家榜眼张显宗生平事迹考实及其影响

ZHANG Xian-zong’s Life and Influences as a Hakkasan and Second Place at Palace Examinations

张显宗是客家族群历史上唯一“状元”,然而事实上仅是榜眼,并非状元。其状元之说源自郑万奎,是宁化、福州民间社会交流的结果。张显宗状元文化符号建构始于嘉靖十七年(1538),源于张显宗故里汀州府为解决长期科举不振问题,先后兴建宁化县张公祠、汀州府城状元坊。宁化县据此在县城兴建状元坊,将张公祠改名表忠祠,并请状元翁正春撰写记文。还原张显宗状元文化符号建构与重构过程,有助于揭示明代地方社会历史变迁与族群互动。

Zhang Xianzong is the only“No.1 Scholar”in the history of the Hakka group,but in fact he is only the second place(Bangyan)in the list,not the No.1 scholar.The title of No.1 scholar was said from Zheng Wankui and was the result of the exchanges between Ninghua and Fuzhou civil society.The consistent construction of Zhang Xianzong’s Number One Scholar Culture began in the seventeenth year of Jiajing(1538).It originated from Zhang Xianzong’s hometown,Tingzhou Mansion for solving the sluggishness problem in imperial examination.Based on this,Ninghua County built the memorial archway of No.1 scholar in the county seat,renamed Sir Zhang Shrine to Biaozhong Shrine,and asked the Number One Scholar Weng Zhengchun to write a note.Restoring the construction and reconstruction process of Zhang Xianzong's Number One cultural symbols is helpful to reveal the historical changes of local society and the interaction of ethnic groups in the Ming Dynasty.