农业劳动力老龄化、农业机械应用与农地转入

On Aging of agricultural Force, Application of Agricultural Machinery and Farmland Transfer

农地流转是促进农地要素优化配置与农业适度规模经营的主要途径。文章基于中国劳动力动态调查数据,实证分析了农业劳动力老龄化与农业机械应用对农地转入的影响。结果表明:农业劳动力老龄化抑制家庭农地转入,且农业劳动力老龄化程度越深,对农地转入的抑制作用越明显;农业机械应用对农地转入存在显著正向影响,且能够有效缓解农业劳动力老龄化对农地转入的负向影响;仅东部和中部地区,农业劳动力老龄化对农地转入存在显著负向影响,农业机械应用均显著正向影响农地转入。因此,应继续提升农业机械应用水平,加快农业生产效率的提高;完善农村农地经营补偿机制,创造老龄农户生产经营条件;加大新型农业经营主体培育力度,提高种田农户职业素质;针对地区差异,发展实用性强的农业机械,缓解农业劳动力老龄化对农业生产的不利影响,从而提高农民农地转入参与积极性,实现农业规模经营。

Agricultural land transfer is the main way to promote the optimal allocation of agricultural land factors and the appropriate scale management of agriculture. Based on the dynamic survey data of China’s labor force, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the aging of agricultural labor force and the application of agricultural machinery on the transfer of agricultural land. The results show that the aging of agricultural labor force inhibits the transfer of family agricultural land, and the deeper the aging degree of agricultural labor force, the more obvious the inhibition effect on the transfer of agricultural land;the application of agricultural machinery has a significant positive impact on agricultural land transfer, and can effectively alleviate the negative impact of agricultural labor aging on agricultural land transfer;only in the eastern and central regions, the aging of agricultural labor force has a significant negative impact on agricultural land transfer, and the application of agricultural machinery has a significant positive impact on agricultural land transfer. Therefore, we should continue to improve the application level of agricultural machinery and speed up the improvement of agricultural production efficiency;improve the compensation mechanism for rural land management and create the production and management conditions for elderly farmers;strengthen the cultivation of new agricultural business entities and improve the professional quality of farmers. In view of regional differences, we should develop practical agricultural machinery to alleviate the adverse impact of the aging of agricultural labor force on agricultural production, so as to improve farmers’ enthusiasm for agricultural land transfer and realize agricultural scale management.