精英文学与大众文学:古代两类盘瓠神话的族群观

Elite Literature and Popular Literature:the Concept of Ethnic Group in Two Types of Ancient Panhu Myth

盘瓠是祖先叙事的符号,对其赋予形象、构建情节而产生不同版本的盘瓠神话,实际表达着不同书写者的族群观念。应劭首创的盘瓠神话为“精英文学”,内蕴烙印封建王朝社会意识形态的族群观念和秩序,这也是历代中央王朝史籍传抄应劭所撰盘瓠神话的主要原因。盘瓠后裔群体中广泛传颂的盘瓠神话是基于“精英文学”重构的“大众文学”,其特点有二:其一,通过对盘瓠的“非犬化”叙事突破对祖先盘瓠的刻板印象,从祖源塑造群体新的社会身份,尝试建立平等的族群秩序。其二,通过大量重新拟构的情节谱写新的族群历史叙事,淡化族群有别的观念,强调族群共同体内诸族群交流、交往、交融的特质,加深对族群共同体的认同。

Panhu is the symbol of ancestors narrative.Different versions of Panhu myth are produced by giving images and constructing plots to it,which actually express the ethnic group concepts of different writers.The myth of Panhu created by Ying Shao is“elite literature”,in which the concept and order of ethnic groups reflect feudal social ideology.This is also the main reason why the historical records of the central government copied Ying Shao's Panhu myth.The Panhu myth widely spread among Panhu's descendants is a popular version reconstructed from elite literature,which contains two characteristics.Firstly,through avoiding servility-narration,it overcomes the stereotype towards their ancestor Panhu,cultivates a new ethnic identity based on the ethnic origin and attempts to establish an equal ethnic order.Secondly,through a large number of reconstructed plots,it provides a new historical narrative of the ethnic group,downplays the idea that ethnic groups are different,emphasizes the communication and blending among ethnic groups,and enhances the recognition of the ethnic group community.