种植方式和密度对谷子光合性能和产量的影响

Effects of planting pattern and density on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of foxtail millet

2019―2020年以豫谷31为试验材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,主区为种植方式,分别为种2行空1行(P1)和种3行空1行(P2);裂区为种植密度,分别为低密度27万株·hm^(-2)(D1)、中密度33万株·hm^(-2)(D2)和高密度39万株·hm^(-2)(D3),设3次重复,探究不同处理组合对谷子群体光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明:年份、种植方式、密度以及处理之间的互作效应均对谷子籽粒产量具有极显著影响(P<0.01);P1处理的谷子产量(2971.1 kg·hm^(-2))较P2处理高20.37%(P<0.05),D2处理的谷子产量(2872.1 kg·hm^(-2))较D1和D3处理分别高10.34%(P<0.05)和6.98%(P<0.05);同一种植模式下,随着密度的增加,叶片SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(IWUE、WUE)和羧化速率(CE)逐渐下降,P1处理的生育期平均SPAD值、Pn、IWUE、WUE和CE较P2处理分别高4.73%、1.95%、3.77%、8.61%、12.54%。同一种植模式下,随着密度的增加,穗长和穗粗差异不显著,株高、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重存在较大的差异。P1条件下,处理D2两年的平均穗粒数和千粒重较D1和D3分别高9.11%、13.53%和11.76%、7.55%;P2条件下,D2处理两年的平均穗粒数和千粒重分别较D1和D3高7.98%、6.06%和5.77%、22.22%。比空带状种植(种2行空1行)和密度33万株·hm^(-2)能更好地利用光热资源,是提高谷子产量的有效栽培方式。

The Yugu 31 of foxtail millet variety was used as the experimental material to explore the effect of plant pattern and density on photosynthetic utilization and yield of foxtail millet.Two planting pattern treatments of plant pattern of 2∶0(P1)and plant pattern of 3∶0(P2)and three plant densities of 2.7×10^(5) plants·hm^(-2)(D1),3.3×10^(5) plants·hm^(-2)(D2),and 3.9×10^(5) plants·hm^(-2)(D3)were used to form different cultivation patterns by split zone design with 3 duplicates in 2019-2020.The results showed that highly significant effects were found in year,plant pattern,plant density,and interaction effect among treatments(P<0.01).P1 yield with 2971.1 kg·hm^(-2)was higher by 20.37%(P<0.05)than that of P2,and D2 yield with 2872.1 kg·hm^(-2)were higher by 10.34%(P<0.05)and 6.98%(P<0.05)than that of D1 and D3,respectively.Under the same plant pattern,plant density increasing led to decrease of SPAD,Pn,IWUE,WUE,and CE.Values of SPAD,Pn,IWUE,WUE,and CE from P1 in tested seasons increased by 4.73%,1.95%,3.77%,8.61%,and 12.54%,respectively,compared with that of P2.In addition,density increasing had no significant effect on ear length and ear diameter,but density increasing had significant effects on plant height,kernels per ear,and 1000-seed weight.Kernels per ear and 1000-seed weight from D2 in P1 increased by 9.11%,13.53%respectively compared with that of D1,and 11.76%,7.55%respectively compared with that of D3.Kernels per ear and 1000-seed weight from D2 in P2 increased by 7.98%,6.06%respectively compared with that of D1,and 5.77%,22.22%,respectively,compared with that of D3.The plant pattern of 2∶0(P1)with 3.3×104 plants·hm^(-2)(D2)was the effective cultivation pattern for increasing yield due to better use efficiency of light and temperature.