外源生长调节剂对高粱光合参数及产量的影响

Effects of exogenous growth regulators on photosynthetic parameters and yield of sorghum

于2019―2020年以辽粘3号高粱品种为试材,采用不同浓度延缓型(烯效唑)和促进型(胺鲜酯)生长调节剂,于高梁8~10叶期进行叶面喷施处理,分析产量、农艺性状、光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,喷施促进型生长调节剂胺鲜酯的高粱产量与对照无差异,喷施延缓型生长调节剂烯效唑可显著提高高粱产量,增产3.17%~13.51%,喷施60 mg·L^(-1)烯效唑时产量最高(8989.49 kg·hm^(-2)),这一处理株高降低19.72%,茎粗、穗长和干物质量较对照分别增加24.12%、22.13%和7.02%,产量与干物质量呈极显著正相关(R=0.94**);灌浆期功能叶片叶绿素SPAD值增加17.45%,净光合速率较对照增加8.37%~13.60%;叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/F0和qP分别较对照显著增加2.12%、20.50%和41.50%,Fv/F0、Fv/F0和qP与产量呈显著正相关。总体而言,叶面喷施烯效唑60 mg·L^(-1)(225 L·hm^(-2))可提高高粱的光系统电子传递效率,从而提高群体光合效率,优化源库关系,实现较高产量。

In this study,the sorghum variety Liaonian 3 was used as the test material from 2019 to 2020.Different concentrations of retarding(Uniconazole)and promoting(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate)growth regulators were used to analyze yield,agronomic traits,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.The result showed that there was no difference in the yield of spraying Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate.The spraying of Uniconazole growth regulator significantly increased the yield by 3.17%~13.51%.When spraying 60 mg·L^(-1)Uniconazole,the yield reached the maximum(8989.49 kg·hm^(-2)),and the plant height was reduced 19.72%in this treatment,stem thickness,ear length and dry matter quality were increased by 24.12%、22.13%and 7.02%,and the yield and dry matter were significantly positively correlated(R=0.94**).During the filling stage,the chlorophyll SPAD value of functional leaves increased by 17.45%,and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 8.37%~13.60%compared with the control.Simultaneously,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were improved,and Fv/Fm,Fv/F0 and qP were significantly increased by 2.12%、20.50%and 41.50%compared with the control.The Fv/Fm,Fv/F0 and qP were significantly positively correlated with yield.In general,the application of Uniconazole 60 mg·L^(-1)(225 L·hm^(-2))in sorghum improved electron transfer efficiency and the population photosynthesis,optimized the source-sink relationship and achieved higher yield.