施肥、起垄和品种对黄土高原新造耕地马铃薯氮磷钾吸收与分配的影响

Effects of fertilization,ridging and variety on absorption and allocation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in newly cultivated potato on the Loess Plateau

于2019―2020年在黄土高原延安地区选择典型新造耕地,开展不同栽培措施和品种下马铃薯氮、磷和钾元素吸收量及其分配规律的研究。试验设7个处理,分别为克新1号+NPK(氮磷钾无机肥)+平作(CK)、克新1号+NPK+起垄(T1)、克新1号+NPKM(氮磷钾无机肥+有机肥)+平作(T2)、克新1号+NPKM+起垄(T3)、陇薯7号+NPKM+起垄(T4)、NK001/冀张薯8号+NPKM+起垄(T5)和青薯9号+NPKM+起垄(T6)。结果表明,新造耕地马铃薯块茎氮、磷和钾含量最高,其次为地上部,根系最低。品种差异对马铃薯不同部位氮含量分配格局有一定影响,但对磷、钾含量分配格局影响不大。与克新1号(T3)相比,陇薯7号(T4)和青薯9号(T6)马铃薯块茎氮含量分别平均下降47.5%和46.6%。起垄和增施有机肥没有显著改变新造耕地马铃薯氮、磷和钾元素吸收量及其分配格局;栽培品种对马铃薯氮、磷和钾吸收量影响显著,陇薯7号(T4)和青薯9号(T6)马铃薯氮、磷和钾元素吸收量分别是克新1号(T3)的1.8倍和1.3倍、2.2倍和1.4倍、2.5倍和1.7倍;并且其植株地上部分氮、磷和钾元素分配比例也明显高于克新1号。研究区新造耕地马铃薯平均N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O吸收量分别为50.8、22.5、161.3 kg,在不考虑增施有机肥情况下,建议施用N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O用量和比例为142∶145∶320 kg·hm^(-2)。

To increase the potato yield of newly cultivated land on the Loess Plateau and determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,a typical newly cultivated land was selected in Yan’an area of the Loess Plateau from 2019 to 2020.The absorption and allocation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in potato under different cultivation measures and varieties were studied.The experiment included 7 treatments:Kexin 1+NPK(inorganic fertilizer;N:nitrogen,P:phosphorus;K:potassium)+flat cultivating(CK),Kexin 1+NPK+ridging(T1),Kexin 1+NPKM(inorganic fertilizer+organic fertilizer)+flat cultivating(T2),Kexin 1+NPKM+ridging(T3),Longshu 7+NPKM+ridging(T4),NK001/Jizhangshu 8+NPKM+ridging(T5),and Qingshu 9+NPKM+ridging(T6).The results showed that the contents of N,P and K were the highest in potato tuber,the aboveground part was the second,and the root system was the lowest.The difference of varieties had a significant effect on the allocation pattern of N content in different parts of potato but had little effect on the allocation pattern of P and K content.In comparing with Kexin 1(T3),the tuber nitrogen content of Longshu 7(T4)and Qingshu 9(T6)decreased by 47.5%and 46.6%,respectively.Ridging and application of organic fertilizer did not significantly change the uptake and allocation pattern of N,P and K in newly cultivated land,but cultivated varieties had significant effects on N,P and K uptake.The uptake of N,P and K in potato varieties Longshu 7(T4)and Qingshu 9(T6)were 1.9 times and 1.3 times,2.2 times and 1.4 times,2.5 times and 1.7 times higher than that of local main variety Kexin 1(T3),and the allocation of N,P and K in aboveground part of potato were also significantly higher than that of Kexin 1.The average N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O uptake of potato in the newly cultivated land in the study area was 50.8,22.5,161.3 kg,respectively.Without considering the application of organic fertilizer,the recommended amount and proportion of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O would be 142∶145∶320 kg·hm^(-2).