高原雨点鸽与詹森鸽胸肌转录组差异表达基因筛选与功能分析

Screening and functional analysis of differentially expressed genes in breast muscle transcriptome between Plateau raindrop pigeon and Janssen pigeon

筛选高原雨点鸽与詹森鸽胸肌飞行能力差异的关键基因,为赛鸽选育奠定基础。选择性别相同、体况与日龄相近的高原雨点鸽、詹森鸽各3只,屠宰后取胸肌,进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因,对差异基因进行Gene Ontology(GO)分析、Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)分析与蛋白质互作网络分析。结果表明:高原雨点鸽与詹森鸽胸肌转录组比较共检测到75个显著差异基因,49个基因上调表达,26个基因下调表达;GO功能分析显示,差异基因主要富集在骨骼肌细胞分化、细胞代谢过程调节等条目;KEGG通路分析显示,差异基因显著富集在胰岛素信号通路、AMPK信号通路等。与詹森鸽相比,高原雨点鸽胸肌SMYD1、STAT1、VEGFA、PPM1K、PLCE1基因上调,MYOD1、SOCS3、MGLL基因下调。STAT1、MYOD1可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌生长慢于詹森鸽;SOCS3可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌肌纤维直径变小,爆发力下降;PLCE1可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌肌纤维增多;SMYD1可能导致肌纤维分化形成更多的红肌纤维;VEGFA可能导致高原雨点鸽体内白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪;PPM1K、MGLL可能催化支链氨基酸分解,为高原雨点鸽长距离负重飞行提供足够能量,更适宜远距离飞行。

Screening key genes for the difference in pectoral flight ability between Plateau raindrop pigeon and Janssen pigeon can lay foundation for breeding pigeons.Each 3 Plateau raindrop pigeons(JG)and Janssen pigeons(JS)with the same sex,similar body condition and age were selected.After slaughter,breast muscle tissues were taken for transcriptome sequencing and then differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis and protein interaction network analysis were performed on the DEGs.The results showed that there were 75 significantly DEGs in the breast muscle transcriptome between JG and JS,including 49 up-regulated genes and 26 down-regulated genes.GO enrichment analysis results showed that DEGs were enriched in items such as skeletal muscle cell differentiation,regulation of cellular metabolic process.KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were significant enriched in insulin signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,etc.Compared with the JS,SMYD1,STAT1,VEGFA,PPM1K and PLCE1 genes in breast muscle of the JG were up-regulated,while MYOD1,SOCS3 and MGLL genes were down-regulated.The results showed that STAT1 and MYOD1 might cause breast muscle growth of JG to be slower than that of JS.SOCS3 might cause muscle fiber diameter of the breast muscle of the JG to become smaller and explosive power to decrease at the same time.PLCE1 might cause increase of muscle fibers in the breast muscle of JG.SMYD1 might cause muscle fiber differentiation to form more red muscle fibers.VEGFA might cause white adipose in JGs to be converted into brown adipose.PPM1K and MGLL might catalyze the decomposition of branched chain amino acids,providing enough energy for the long-distance load-bearing flight of the JG,which made they more suitable for long-distance flight.