农业电商扶贫可以提升农户的可持续生计吗?——基于农产品上行视角

Can poverty alleviation through agricultural e-commerce improve smallholder's sustainable livelihood?:from perspective of agricultural product sales

从农户的发展能力、经济能力和社交能力3方面选取16个指标,运用组合赋权法确定指标权重,构建农户可持续生计评价指标体系,并基于此评估农业电商扶贫的成效。结合文献与实地调研获取的湖北省252份农户(含贫困户与脱贫户)调查数据,先对农户的可持续生计进行测度,然后运用OLS、2SLS、LIML、IVGMM和IV-Tobit共5种回归方法对农业电商扶贫中影响农户可持续生计的因素进行分析,并采用ISM模型分析论证了各影响因素的关联性质和层次结构。结果显示:样本农户的可持续生计水平一般,发展能力和经济能力相对较高,社交能力相对较弱,但这3种能力均未达到中等水平,有待提高。是否参与农业电商、亲戚中有无村干部、公共服务、政府支持和产业基础在农业电商扶贫中对农户的可持续生计具有显著(P<0.1)影响。是否参与农业电商和亲戚中有无村干部是表层直接影响因素,政府支持和产业基础是中层间接影响因素,公共服务是底层因素。因素之间的逻辑层次结构可用“单驱动、双路径”来概括。

In the present study,an evaluation system of smallholder's sustainable livelihood was constructed from 3 aspects(development capacity,economic capacity and social capacity),16 indicators,and was used to evaluate the performance of poverty alleviation through agricultural e-commerce.The weights of indicators in the constructed system were determined via combination weighting approach.Based on relative references and survey data of 252 smallholders(including both out-of-poor smallholders and poor smallholders)in Hubei Province,China,the sustainable livelihood of all samples was measured.The influencing factors on smallholder's sustainable livelihood during poverty-alleviation through agricultural e-commerce were explored via 5 regression methods,including OLS,2SLS,LIML,IVGMM and IV-Tobit,and the relationship and hierarchical structure of these influencing factors were revealed by ISM model.It was found that the sustainable livelihood of samples was general,with relatively higher development capacity and economic capacity and relatively lower social capacity.But,all these capacities were in need of improvement.Whether to participate in agricultural e-commerce,whether there are village cadres among relatives,public service,government support and industrial base had significant(P<0.1)impact on smallholder's sustainable livelihood.Among them,whether to participate in agricultural e-commerce and whether there are village cadres among relatives were the surface direct influencing factors,government support and industrial base were the indirect influencing factors,and the public service was the bottom factor.The logical hierarchy of these factors could be summarized as“single drive,double path”.