哪吒话头的禅林传播与明清小说的多元互动

Nalakuvara’s Buddhism Dissemination and the Multiple Interactions with Ming-Qing Novels

哪吒源出密宗,至晚唐出现了“析骨还父,析肉还母”的禅宗故事,禅僧藉此破除肉身我执,寻求真身妙谛。自宋代始,哪吒“析骨析肉”故事走向文学舞台,得益于中晚明小说家的成功形塑,成为家喻户晓的文学典型,其独特的孝亲方式,蕴含着儒、释孝亲观的深度调适与圆融。晚明以降,受小说证禅的参学范式影响,此故事又多用于诞日小参、追严荐亲等法会实践,借此彰显丛林之“大孝”。由禅宗故事的文学形塑,至明清禅林的阐释转向,哪吒“析骨析肉”话头的流播,凸显出佛教与文学的多元互动,演绎成佛教文学史上的经典。

Nalakuvara originated from Tantrism,the story of“give the bones back to father and the meat back to mother”appeared in the late Tang Dynasty,Zen Masters take this to get rid of false me and seek true me.From the Song Dynasty,Nalakuvara entered literature field,due to construction of novelists in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty,become a well-known novel character.His very special way of filial piety,contains the fusion of Confucianism and Buddhism.After the Late Ming,this story is mostly used in biddhist ritual,shows their great filial piety.From the Literary Creation of Zen Stories to the Interpretation of Zen in Ming and Qing Dynasties,Nalakuvara’s Buddhism dissemination displays the multiple interaction between Buddhist Culture and Literature,which is interpreted as a classic in the history of Buddhist literature.