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《民法典》第34条第4款“临时生活照料措施”的解释论反思

Explanatory and Legislative Reflections on“Temporary Living Care Measures”in Article 34,Paragraph 4 of Civil Code
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摘要 《民法典》第34条第4款“临时生活照料措施”是该法新增之规定,因此在其性质、原则和具体内容的解释上,尚有不少有待解决的问题。实际上,临时生活照料措施属于临时监护的一种具体类型,应当将其置于临时监护体系中予以解释。由于被监护人的心智能力有限,故该措施应当彰显弱者保护理念,倾斜保护被监护人。同时,为了有效保障被监护人的生存权,应当将最有利于被监护人原则作为最高原则。然而,《民法典》中临时生活照料措施的规范内容过于简洁和抽象,需要进行解释以提高其可适用性:一方面,“无人照料状态”的文义涵摄范围应适当扩大;另一方面,需要对“必要”一词施以更为细致、更有层次感的解读。 The“temporary living care measures”stipulated in article 34(4)of Civil Code is a new provision of the law,so there are still many problems in its nature,principle and specific content interpretation.In fact,this measure is a specific type of temporary guardianship and should be explained in the interim guardianship system.Since the mental ability of the guardiantee is limited,this measure should highlight the concept of protection of the weak and favor the protection of the guardiantee.At the same time,in order to effectively protect the guardianship’s right to survival,the principle of the most favorable to the guardianship should be taken as the highest principle of this measure.The standard content of temporary living care measures in Civil Code is too simple and abstract,so it needs to be interpreted to improve its applicability:on the one hand,the scope of“unattended state”should be appropriately expanded.On the other hand,a more nuanced and hierarchical interpretation of the word“necessary”is needed.
作者 江卓臻 JIANG Zhuozhen(Law school, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China)
出处 《闽江学院学报》 2022年第1期48-56,共9页 Journal of Minjiang University
关键词 《民法典》 临时生活照料措施 临时监护 解释论 最有利于被监护人 Civil Code temporary life care measures temporary guardianship explanation theory most beneficial to the ward
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