网约私家车危险程度显著增加的法律应对

The Legal Response to the Significant Increase in the Danger of Private Car Online Bookin

《保险法》立法目的是维护当事人合法权益以实现保险行业健康发展,但司法实践适用第52条的方式使其成为保险人责任的“避风港”,违背了保险法立法目的.为此可以采取两方面措施:一方面,责任承担要件区分主观危险和客观危险.主观危险包括故意和重大过失,仅在被保险人故意且该危险直接造成全部损害时,可以免除保险人的保险责任;在被保险人重大过失且显著增加的危险是损害发生的部分原因时,适用比例因果关系减轻保险人的保险责任.若是客观危险,保险人应当承担保险责任,超出保险合同范围的部分可在后续保险合同中增加相应的保险费.另一方面,被保险人主观过错认定标准分为合同明确约定和未明确约定两种情况:有明确约定时,须结合诚信原则作判断;未明确约定时,采用一般理性人标准。

Insurance Law legislation purpose is to maintain the rights and interests of real insurance health insurance industry development,but the judicial practice in article 52 square type makes it become the insurer responsibility“safe haven”,has violated the insurance law legislation purpose.This may take two measures,on the one hand,The liability requirements distinguish subjective risk and objective risk:subjective risk includes intentional and gross negligence,and the insurer can be exempted from insurance liability only when the insured intends and the risk directly causes total damage.When the insured’s gross negligence and the significantly increased risk is part of the cause of the damage,proportional causality shall be applied to reduce the corresponding scope of the insurer’s insurance liability;If there is an objective danger,the insurer shall assume the insurance liability and add the corresponding insurance fee in the subsequent insurance contract for the part beyond the scope of the insurance contract.On the other hand,the subjective fault identification standard of the insured can be divided into the contract clearly agreed and not agreed.Clear agreement must be combined with the principle of good faith for judgment.