中东欧高校中文教育发展比较及推进策略

A Comparative Study of the Development ofthe Chinese-language Education in Universities in Central and Eastern Europe and Relevant Promotion Strategies

中东欧16国共有113所高等教育机构开设中文课,其中公立高校103所,占公立高校总数的22%,私立高校8所和2所科学院。波兰和罗马尼亚是开设中文及相关专业高校最多的国家,分别为11所和7所。7个国家已建立本、硕、博人才培养体系。中东欧各国本土师资平均占70%以上,波黑、捷克、保加利亚和拉脱维亚几国本土师资占比高达80%。该地区中文教育国别差异大,且普遍存在“三多三少”现象,即开设本科专业多、硕博专业少,普适性课程多、特色课程少,本土师资占比多、师资总量少。对此,提出以下策略:中东欧各国中文教育发展需加强学科建设和区域间协作交流;建议成立“中国—中东欧中文教育联盟”;充分发挥汉学家对中文教育发展的推进作用。

113 higher education institutions in Central and Eastern Europe offer Chinese courses,including 103 public universities,accounting for 22%of the total number of this kind,8 private universities and 2 academies of sciences.Poland and Romania are the countries with the largest number of colleges and universities offering Chinese and related programs,with 11 and 7 respectively.Seven countries have offered undergraduate,postgraduate and doctoral programs.Local teachers in Central and Eastern European countries account for more than 70%on average,and local teachers in Bosnia and Herzegovina,the Czech Republic,Bulgaria and Latvia account for 80%.It is found that there exists some significant discrepancy in the Chinese education among the countries in this region and a phenomenon of imbalance in the three areas is obvious,i.e.many undergraduate programs but fewer master and doctoral programs;many general courses but fewer special programs;quite a few local teachers but inadequate teachers in total.Consequently,this paper proposes to accelerate the disciplinary construction and development,to strengthen regional cooperation and exchange,to establish a“China—Central and Eastern Europe Chinese-education Alliance”and to give full play to the role of Sinologists in promoting the development of Chinese-language education.