海外志愿者公益旅游发生动力与体验障碍研究

On the Dynamic and Experience Obstacles of Overseas Volunteer Tourism

公益旅游兴起于20世纪中后期的欧美发达国家。目前,它在全世界范围内都受到欢迎,尤其深受青年大学生群体的喜爱。但部分公益旅游项目在带给志愿者积极影响的同时也带来了负面体验,从而影响了公益旅游的高质量发展。以中国大学生海外志愿者公益旅游为案例,采用质的研究方法,从体验的视角分析公益旅游发生动力及影响体验的障碍因素,据此提出国内大学生公益旅游高质量发展的建议。研究结果表明:国内大学生海外志愿者的公益旅游发生动力包含内部驱动和外部推拉因素;影响其积极体验的障碍主要源于项目组织方和目的地接待方,具体包括项目组织、项目设计、项目培训与服务保障、信息沟通、人性化关怀、物理属性、社会文化差异及管理模式等核心因素及若干细分因素。最后,从公益旅游组织、公益旅游目的地以及公益行业监管等3个层面提出海外志愿者公益旅游高质量发展的相关建议。

Volunteer tourism rose in European and American countries in the middle and late 20th century.At present,it is welcomed all over the world,especially by college students.However,some volunteer tourism programs not only bring positive impacts,but also negative experiences,which affects the high-quality development of the volunteer tourism.Taking the overseas volunteer tourism of Chinese college overseas volunteers as an example,this paper adopts qualitative research methods and mainly analyzes the dynamic of volunteer tourism and the obstacles affecting the experience,thereby putting forward some suggestions for the healthy development of overseas volunteer tourism.The results show:the dynamic of overseas volunteer tourism includes internal drive and external factors;the obstacles that affect their positive experience mainly come from the program organizer and the destination host,including such core factors as program organization,program design,program training and service guarantee,information communication,people-oriented care,physical attributes,cross-cultural differences and management mode.Finally,this study puts forward relevant suggestions for the healthy development of overseas volunteer tourism from three aspects including organization,destination and industry supervision.