行动者网络理论与马克思主义融合的批判实在论进路

A Critical Realism Approach to the Integration Between Actor Network Theory and Marxism

行动者网络理论(ANT)越来越引起马克思主义学术界的关注与重视。首先,关于它的批判主要有四种:它的非人类行动者问题、非还原论问题、它对社会结构分析进路的忽视及其本体论政治意义的争议。其次,它对马克思主义研究者的价值意蕴主要有三点:一是非人类行动者有其自身的能动性和生命力,二是非还原论的强烈意识,三是辩证本体论的生态洞见。最后,针对它们之间复杂关联与分歧,采取批判实在论的进路进行融合是可行的:以超验实在论融合ANT的行动本体论和马克思主义的实践本体论,以批判自然主义整合ANT的实践建构论和马克思主义的能动反映论,以辩证的批判实在论贯通ANT的后人类主义辩证法和马克思主义的实践辩证法,从而为解决ANT的激进经验主义困境和当代马克思主义的人本主义困境提供一条有创见的思路。

Actor Network Theory(ANT)has increasingly attracted the attention of Marxist academia.First of all,there are four main critiques about it:issue of its non-human actors,issue of non-reductionism,its neglect of analytical approach to social structure,and the controversy over its ontological political significance.Secondly,it has three main value implications for Marxist researchers:(1)the initiative and vitality of non-human actors themselves,(2)the strong awareness of non-reductionism,and(3)the ecological insight of dialectical ontology.Finally,in view of the complex relevance and divergence among them,it is feasible to adopt the approach of critical realism into integration,which includes the fusion between ANT's action ontology and Marxist practical ontology by transcendental realism,the integration between ANT's practical constructivism and Marxist dynamic reflection theory by critical naturalism,and the penetration between ANT's post-humanist dialectics and Marxist practical dialectics by dialectical critical realism.Thus,it provides an innovative way for ANT's radical empiricism and contemporary Marxism's humanism to walk out their dilemmas.