2019年蒙自市中小学生近视影响因素分析

Analysis of the influencing factors of myopia among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city in 2019

目的:了解蒙自市儿童青少年近视现状,并探索影响近视发生的相关危险因素。方法:2019-10采用多阶段整群抽样方法,在云南省蒙自市7所学校(2所小学、2所中学、2所高中、1所职业高中)选取四年级以上的中小学生1837名进行近视相关影响因素问卷调查,并进行远视力检查和非睫状肌麻痹条件下的屈光检测;对调查问卷进行完整性及合理性检查,最终得到有效问卷1622份。结果:2019年蒙自市中小学生总体近视率为61.34%;女生(71.36%)高于男生(50.45%),汉族(70.19%)高于少数民族(57.70%);随着学段的增加,近视率呈上升趋势。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=2.308)、汉族(OR=1.712)、学段升高(初中:OR=1.579,高中:OR=5.538)、过去1wk每天做作业时长(1~<2h:OR=1.456,2~<3h:OR=1.514,≥3h:OR=1.901)、读写时眼睛距离书本偶尔或从不超过1尺(OR=1.741)、睡眠不充足(OR=1.585)、父母近视(OR=2.191)是近视的危险因素。结论:蒙自市中小学生近视患病率较高,女性、汉族、学段升高、过去1wk每天做作业≥1h、读写时眼睛距离书本偶尔或从不超过1尺、睡眠不充足以及父母近视是蒙自市中小学生近视的危险因素。

AIM:To explore the current situation of myopia among children and adolescents in Mengzi city and the possible influencing factors of myopia.METHODS:A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select students in 7 schools(2 primary schools,2 junior high schools,2 high schools,and 1 vocational high school)in Mengzi city,Yunnan Province in October 2019.A total of 1837 students were selected for questionnaire surveys,and examination of distance visual acuity and noncycloplegic autorefraction.There were 1622 valid questionnaires were finally collected after checking the integrity and rationality of the questionnaires.RESULTS:The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary students in Mengzi city in 2019 was 61.34%.The prevalence of myopia in girls(71.36%)was higher than that in boys(50.45%),and the prevalence of myopia in Han nationality(70.19%)was higher than that in ethnic minorities(57.70%).With the grade growth,the prevalence of myopia showed an upward trend.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of myopia were female(OR=2.308),Han nationality(OR=1.712),higher learning stage(junior high school:OR=1.579,high school:OR=5.538),the time of doing homework daily in the past 1wk(1-<2h:OR=1.456,2-<3h:OR=1.514,≥3h:OR=1.901),occasionally or never keep your eyes more than one foot away from a book while reading and writing(OR=1.741),insufficient sleep(OR=1.585),parental myopia(OR=2.191).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city is at a relatively high level.Female,Han nationality,higher learning stage,the time of doing homework daily in the past 1wk≥1h,occasionally or never keep your eyes more than one foot away from a book while reading and writing,insufficient sleep and parental myopia are all risk factors that can cause myopia.