乡村旅游的景观制造逻辑与乡村产业发展路径——基于赣南C县梯田景观开发的实证调研

Landscape Manufacturing Logic of Rural Tourism and the Development Path of Rural Industry:Study on the Development of a Terrace Landscape

当前,乡村旅游成为地方政府推动乡村振兴的重要抓手。现有研究过于强调乡村旅游与乡村振兴的耦合性,而忽略了两者内在逻辑的差异性。基于实体与景观的关系,研究发现,在实体意义上,乡村空间是国家保护下的重要权利空间,它以集体土地制度为基础,是惠农公共资源下沉的空间载体,也是农民维持低成本高福利生产生活的空间场域。乡村旅游依循景观制造的逻辑,实践中,地方政府通过吸纳农民的土地使用权与公共资源,吸引资本下乡再造商品化景观。景观制造既是乡村空间权利结构重组的过程,也是消解乡村实体功能的过程,可能对乡村振兴造成了负面影响。这表明,存在两种乡村产业的发展路径,即增加农民权利的包容型发展路径与挤压农民权利的汲取型发展路径。乡村产业要实现乡村振兴效应,必须完成从汲取型发展路径向包容型发展路径的转变。

At present,rural tourism has gradually become an important starting point for local governments to promote rural revitalization.The existing studies put too much emphasis on the coupling between rural tourism and rural revitalization,ignoring the differences in-between.The research shows that rural space is an important right space under the protection of the state.Based on the collective land system,it is an important vehicle for the sinking of public resources to benefit farmers as well as an important space field for farmers to maintain low-cost and high welfare production and life.Rural tourism follows the logic of landscape manufacturing.In practice,local governments attract capital to the countryside to rebuild commercial landscape by absorbing farmers land use rights and public resources.Landscape manufacturing is not only the process of reorganization of rural spatial right structure,but also the process of weakening rural entity function,which has a negative impact on rural revitalization.This shows that there are two development paths of rural industry,namely,the inclusive development path of increasing farmers rights and the absorbing development path of squeezing farmers rights.In order to realize the social revitalization effect,rural industry must complete the transformation from the absorbing development path to the inclusive development path.