基于可行能力的农民工家庭离散生成逻辑与政策调适研究

A Study on the Generation Logic and Policy Adjustment of Family Separation of Migrant Workers Based on Capability Theory

新时代的美好生活蕴涵了农民工家庭享有尊严生活而又体面劳动的实质自由之意,然其绵延的家庭离散式日常生活实践提出了“何以可能,又何以弥合”之问。文章运用阿玛蒂亚·森的自由发展观,从自由的建构性与工具性层面解读农民工家庭离散问题,提出城市导向的发展政策聚焦于农民工家庭的经济自由,影响了农民工家庭在经济条件、政治自由、社会机会、透明性保证和防护性保障等方面的工具性自由与可行能力。农民工家庭的经济自由与实质自由的悖论则进一步说明,单纯发展经济的政策弊端及对农民工家庭需求缺乏合理预期。研究启示:要在拓展需求信息基础上,以构成实质自由的功能性活动为价值标准,从建构经济自由与实质自由的融合统一体来合理预期修复与弥合农民工家庭离散这一问题的公共政策。

The“good life”in the new era implies the substantial freedom of migrant workers families to enjoy a dignified life and decent work,however,the continuous daily life of family separation raises the question of“how it can be possible and how it can be bridged”.The article uses Amartya Sen’s view of free development to interpret the issue of separation of migrant workers’families from the constructive and instrumental aspects of“freedom”,and proposes that urban-oriented development policies focus on the economic freedom of migrant workers’families,which affects the instrumental freedom and feasible capabilities of migrant workers’families in terms of economic conditions,political freedom,social opportunities,transparency guarantees,and protective guarantees.The paradox between the economic freedom and substantial freedom of migrant workers’families further illustrates the drawbacks of the policy that simply aims at economic development and its lack of reasonable expectations for the needs of migrant workers’families.The study proposes that,based on the expansion of demand information,it is reasonable to expect public policies that can repair and bridge the separation of migrant workers’families by constructing an integrated unity of economic freedom and substantial freedom and taking the functional activities that constitute substantial freedom as the value standard.