刑事数据出境规则研究

Research on Rules on the Cross-Border Transfer of Criminal Data

基于国际刑事司法协助的需要,刑事数据出境不可避免,但目前我国的研究和立法对此问题都缺乏足够的关注。事实上,刑事数据出境涉及主权、安全、权利保障等诸多重要法益,在处理国家主权与司法协助、数据安全与数据自由流动、常态开放与个案请求三组关系时,应坚持国家主权为本、数据安全优先、个案请求为主的要求。在此前提下,刑事数据出境应以刑事数据分类分级为基础,坚守必要性原则与目的限制原则,兼顾平台利益和公民的权利,并依此确立刑事数据出境的请求与接受、安全评估、安全保障和权利救济等具体规则。

Due to the needs of international criminal judicial assistance, the cross-border transfer of criminal data is inevitable. However, sufficient attention has not been paid in research and legislation to this issue in China. In fact, the cross-border transfer of criminal data involves many important legal interests such as sovereignty, security, and human right protection. During the handling of the relationships between national sovereignty and international judicial assistance, data security and free flow of data, durative openness and case-by-case requests, we should put the national sovereignty, data security priority in an important position and adhere the case-by-case request requirement. Under this premise, the cross-border transfer of criminal data should be based on the classification and grading of criminal data, adhere to the principle of necessity and purpose restriction, and take into account the data rights of citizens, then accordingly establish the request and acceptance rules, security assessment rules, security guarantee rules and rights remedy rules for the cross-border transfer of criminal data.