巢湖湖滨带村庄格局优化方法研究

Method on the Optimization Pattern of Villages in Chaohu Lakeside Zone

湖滨带村庄优化是大湖流域国土空间保护与开发协调的关键地带和重要方面。以巢湖流域水环境一级保护区湖滨带为研究区,综合国土调查、地理国情以及高精度土地利用(5 m)和地形数据,基于地理空间分析技术,揭示以水环境容量提升为主导的村庄格局影响因素及其外部驱动机制,提出村庄格局调控机制和优化方向。结果表明,一级保护区村庄用地规模、人口规模、空间布局呈显著破碎化、空心化和分散化等格局效应,村庄斑块平均面积仅2.4 hm^(2),88.4%的村庄人口规模≤150人,大部分地区村庄核密度小于7.9个·km^(-2),同时村庄的生态保护、灾害规避、集聚发展和文化保护等外部因子具有引导-约束关系;在此基础上,建立村庄格局调控因子及其约束阈值的优化方法体系,提出村庄疏解、缩小、控制和集聚的差异化格局优化模式。研究结果可为我国大湖地区湖滨带三生空间协调机制与国土空间规划提供科学认知和技术支撑。

The optimization of lakeside villages is an important aspect of the coordination between protection and development of land spaces in the basins of big lakes.Taking the first-level protection area of the Chaohu Lake Basin as the study area and on the basis of geospatial analysis technology,the study comprehensively used the data including the land survey,national geographical survey,high resolution land use(5 m) and topographic terrain survey to reveal the water environment capacity dominated influencing factors and external driving mechanism of villages patterns,and the optimization direction and regulation of villages patterns are proposed.The results show that the village pattern in the first-level protection area was characterized by land fragmentation,rural community hollow and decentralization.The above characteristics clarified from the viewpoint of differences in land use,population and spatial pattern.The total area of villages land is 2 598.4 hm^(2),and the average size of patches is about 2.4 hm^(2),and the total population is about 1.39 million.The above village pattern had a driving-constraint relationship among external factors including ecological sensitivity,disaster prevention,development agglomeration and cultural protection.The main constraints were from the ecologically sensitive areas such as the embankment area and other forest & grass areas which accounted about 29.1% of the total area.The first-level protection area actually has terrain conditions suitable for village development.There are still 50% villages located in flooded area,and 60% villages in urban fringe area with 1-kilometer buffer.Thus,four types of village pattern optimization of separating,shrinking,controlling and expanding are proposed.The results of the study provide cognitive ideas and technical support for the territory land plan in the lakeside zone in the big lake regions.