滤解带构建对硬质驳岸水体微生物功能多样性的影响

Effects of Filtration and Degradation Zones on Functional Diversity of Water Microorganism of Hard Revetment Environment

根据人工湿地、生态滤床等思路设计了一种滤解带装置,在硬质驳岸岸线构建人工生态系统对其进行修复,对比研究了短期和长期不同类型滤解带(无植物和有植物)设置对水体污染物(TN、TP、TOC)浓度的影响,采用Biolog方法对水体微生物功能多样性特征进行分析。结果表明:滤解带短期设置对水体污染物浓度无影响,长期设置则显著降低污染物浓度,与对照相比,试验9个月,无植物滤解带处理水体中ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)和ρ(TOC)分别降低17.2%、16.6%和29.8%,有植物滤解带处理分别降低28.7%、18.4%和42.7%。滤解带长期设置增加了水体微生物碳源利用率和功能多样性,优化了水体微生物碳源利用类型,且有植物滤解带设置区域微生物作用比无植物滤解带设置区域更为明显。这表明滤解带设置能够部分解决河湖岸带硬化导致的生态系统退化问题,对硬质驳岸生态功能提升具有重要的指导意义。

A device with the filtration and degradation zone,based on the principle of constructed wetland and ecological filter bed,was designed to construct artificial ecosystem at hard revetment area to restore the polluted aquatic environment.The short-term and long-term effects of the setting of filtration and degradation zones with plants and no plants on the concentration of water pollutants(TN,TP,and TOC) were studied,and the Biolog method was used to analyze the functional diversity of water microorganism.The results showed that,short-term setting of the filtration and degradation zones had no effects on the concentrations of water pollutants,while the long-term setting of filtration and degradation zone significantly reduced the concentration of pollutants.Compared with control,the ρ(TN),ρ(TP) and ρ(TOC) in the water with the filtration and degradation zones with no plant decreased by 17.2%,16.6% and 29.8%,respectively,while the setting of filtration and degradation zones with plants decreased the concentrations of water pollutants by 28.7%(TN),18.4%(TP) and 42.7%(TOC),respectively,during the nine months of the experiment.Long-term setting of the filtration and degradation zones increased the carbon source utilization and function diversity of water microorganism,optimized the types of water microbial carbon source utilization.As compared with the filtration and degradation zone without plant,the filtration and degradation zone with plants showed more obvious effects on the improvement of microbial functional diversity in water.The results indicated that the setting of the filtration and degradation zones can partially solve the aquatic ecosystem degradation caused by the hardening of the river and lake shore,and could be important guiding significance for improving ecological function of hard revetment area.