我国《公司法》下董监高赔偿责任规则之检视与完善--基于691起司法案件的实证分析

Inspection and Improvement of the Compensation Liability Rules of DSE in the Company Law of China:Based on Empirical Analysis of 691 Judicial Cases

对于董监高赔偿责任的构成要件、赔偿范围、责任免除和承担等方面司法实践的分析表明,我国法院对于董监高赔偿责任规则有不同理解,类案不同判的现象较为突出。公司法相关规则应该从以下方面予以完善:一是把董监高违反忠实义务和勤勉义务作为承担赔偿责任的行为要件;二是区分违反忠实义务和勤勉义务,前者适用严格责任原则,后者适用重大过失的归责标准;三是违反忠实义务的损失范围应该包括被告以及其关联人所得收益;四是董监高的赔偿责任限制与免除仅适用于董监高在经营决策中违反注意义务的情形,法律应该对于免责程序做出原则性规定,授权法院限制赔偿金额;五是董事和监事应当承担连带赔偿责任,高级管理人员则应承担比例赔偿责任或者主要负责人责任;六是将“商业判断”作为免责事由来对待;七是建构考量“实质公平”的法律因果关系认定规则。

Company Law of China stipulates that directors,supervisors and senior executives(“DSE”)should be liable for compensation for breach of fiduciary duty.The empirical analysis of the constitutive requirements,scope of compensation,exemption and assumption of liability of DSE shows that in China s judicial practice,the courts have different interpretations of relevant rules,and the phenomenon of different judgments in similar cases is more prominent.The relevant rules of the company law should be improved from the following aspects.First,take the violation of the duty of loyalty and diligency by the DSE as the behavioral elements of assuming the liability for compensation.Second,distinguish the violation of the duty of loyalty from the duty of care.In the principle of liability fixation,the former applies the principle of strict liability,while the latter applies the principle of gross negligence.Three,the loss scope of breach of duty of loyalty should include the income of the defendant and related persons.Fourth,the limitation and exemption of compensation liability only applies to the situation that DSE violates the duty of care in business decision-making.At the same time,the law should make rules in principle for the liability exemption procedure and authorize the court to limit the amount of compensation.Fifth,directors and supervisors should bear joint and several liability,while senior managers should bear proportional liability.The sixth is to treat“business judgment”as the origin of exemption.The seventh to establish the rules of legal causality based on substantive fairness.