自适应光学技术在眼科的应用进展

Progress of application of adaptive optics in ophthalmology

自适应光学(AO)技术能够实时测量和校正波前像差,使光学系统能适应外界条件变化,保持良好光学性能,在眼科领域逐渐受到关注。AO技术可以根据波前像差进行验光,提高主客观验光的效率和准确性;消除人眼像差对视网膜成像的影响,为视神经功能评价提供更精准的数据;改善视知觉学习训练的效果,为特殊人群提供视力保健和治疗方法;模拟和预测术后视觉效果,为屈光手术和人工晶状体植入术的个性化方案选择提供依据。AO与光相干断层扫描技术、光学扫描激光检眼镜、共焦扫描激光检眼镜等结合,可以实现实时眼底成像和视网膜血管成像,提供更高的视网膜检测灵敏度和分辨率,分辨更精细的视网膜血管以及视锥细胞细节,表征视网膜色素上皮细胞层拓扑和变形,其在眼后节激光手术、青光眼诊断与随访、色盲和视网膜生理活动研究领域的应用备受关注。本文就AO技术原理及其在眼科领域的应用进行综述。

Adaptive optics(AO)can measure and correct wavefront aberrations in real time,which enables the optical system to adapt to external changes and maintain excellent optical performance,and has been gradually paid attention in the field of ophthalmology.AO technology can carry out optometry according to wavefront aberrations to improve the efficiency and accuracy of subjective and objective refraction,eliminate the influence of ocular aberrations on retinal imaging,provide more accurate data for the evaluation of optic nerve function,improve the effectiveness of visual perception training and provide vision care and treatment for special people,as well as simulate and predict postoperative visual outcome and give personalized schemes for refractive surgery and intraocular lens implantation.Moreover,AO combined with optical coherence tomography,optical scanning laser ophthalmoscope,and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope,can realize fundus imaging and retinal vascular imaging in real time,provide better sensitivity and resolution of retinal detection,distinguish fine details of retinal vessels and cone cells,and characterize retinal pigment epithelium topology and deformation,the application of which in posterior segment laser surgery,glaucoma diagnosis and follow-up,color blindness and retinal physiological activity research has been attracting attention.In this article,the principle and application of AO in ophthalmology were briefly reviewed.