双天基平台光学测量GEO目标的轨道确定

Orbit determination for GEO objects using space-based optical measurement with double GEO platforms

针对地基测控系统对GEO卫星监测在时间与空间上存在较多盲区、不能实时获取GEO目标的空间态势感知信息、无法有效对非合作性质的GEO目标进行空间监测的问题,提出了天基光学相机的双GEO平台对GEO目标进行轨道确定的技术方案。根据光学可视条件筛选数据,利用生成的模拟数据对GEO目标进行轨道确定,将所得轨道与参考轨道进行比对分析。仿真结果表明,平台噪声5 m,测量精度0.5″的情况下,定轨弧长1 h时,单GEO平台对GEO目标进行轨道确定的精度大致在150 km;定轨弧长1 h时,双GEO平台对GEO目标的定轨精度可达10 m量级;测量精度在5″,定轨弧长在1 h时,双GEO平台对GEO目标定轨精度也可达百米量级左右。由此可见,双GEO平台联合观测可有效提高对GEO空间目标的定轨精度。

Aiming at the problems of tracking and measuring GEO objects with ground-based space surveillance systems,such as blind spots in space and time,inability to obtain real-time spatial situational awareness information of GEO objects,and ineffective space surveillance for non-cooperative GEO objects,this paper proposed the orbit determination of GEO objects using dual GEO platforms with space-based optical cameras.After data filtering with optical visible conditions,the Geo target orbit is determined according to the generated simulation data and compared with the reference orbit.The simulation results show that under the conditions of platform noise of 5 m and measurement accuracy of 0.5″,when the orbit determination arc length is 1 h,the accuracy of the orbit determination of GEO object by a single GEO platform is on the order of 150 kilometers;when the orbit determination arc length is 1 h,the orbit determination accuracy of the dual GEO platforms for the GEO object can reach the order of 10 m;when the measurement accuracy is 5″and the orbit determination arc length is 1 h,the orbit determination accuracy of the dual GEO platforms can reach the order of 100 m.In conclusion,the joint observations by dual GEO platforms can improve the orbit determination accuracy of GEO space objects effectively.