小行星目标特性遥感探测

Remote Sensing Detection of Asteroid Target Properties

近地天体防御方案的制定需要知道小行星的类型、物质成分、表面结构等目标特性。光谱学是获得小行星目标特性的重要手段。过去通过地基望远镜、太空望远镜、太空探测器等获得的光谱数据对小行星有了十分深入的认识,揭示了太阳系小行星分布规律及演化特征。本文首先介绍光谱学基础原理,包括电子过程与分子振动过程,然后介绍与此有关的光度学,最后介绍光谱学及光度学应用,包括小行星分类、太空风化、粗糙度与孔隙度等与小行星目标特性有关的研究。

The development of near Earth objects(NEOs)defense program requires knowing the target characteristics such as the type of asteroids,compositions,surface features,etc.Spectroscopy is an important and powerful tool for obtaining the properties of small bodies.In the past,spectral data obtained through ground-based telescopes,space telescopes,spacecraft,etc.has provided a very in-depth understanding of asteroids and revealed the trend of the heliocentric distribution of asteroid compositions.This paper introduces the basic principles of spectroscopy,including electronic transitions and molecular vibration,and then introduces the relevant photometry.Finally,the spectroscopy and photometric applications are introduced,including the taxonomic types of small bodies,space weathering,roughness and porosity,and other studies which are related to object properties.