论人力资本成为财产权对象的依据和原因

The Basis and Reason Why Human Capital Becomes the Object of Property Rights

人力资本能否成为财产权对象,不仅是人力资本产权这一经济学范畴能否成立的关键,也是研究人力资本产权及其实现等相关问题的前提。故此,文章首先通过对经典文献进行梳理,从经济学的视角探寻人力资本成为财产权对象的依据;其次,结合相关经济学理论和现实分析了人力资本成为财产权对象的原因。研究发现,马克思、斯密、凡勃伦等的经济学思想与理论能为人力资本产权的合理性提供经济学依据;而人力资本凝结了人类劳动,且具有生产性、稀缺性、异质性与创造性,以及经济发展对人力资本的时代需要等,使得人力资本不仅作为重要的经济资源而且作为财产而客观存在。因此,人力资本作为财产权对象是一个符合理论和现实的命题。

Whether human capital can become the object of property rights is not only the key to the establishment of the economic category of human capital property rights,but also a prerequisite for studying human capital property rights and their realization.Therefore,this article firstly combs the classic literature to find the basis for human capital to become the object of property rights from the perspectives of philosophy and economics;Secondly,it analyzes the reasons why human capital becomes the object of property rights in combination with relevant economic theories and reality.The study found that the property rights theories of philosophers such as Marx and Kant can provide a philosophical basis for the rationality of human capital property rights,while the economic thoughts and theories of economists such as Smith and Veblen can provide the rationality of human capital property rights.Provide economic basis and human capital condenses human labor,and is productive,scarce,heterogeneous and creative,as well as the era needs of human capital for economic development,making human capital not only an important economic resource but also property and objective existence.Therefore,human capital as an object of property rights is a proposition that conforms to theory and reality.