明代儒经学术与科举制衡作用下的儒家类丛书编纂

On the Compilation of Confucian Series in Ming Dynasty and the Check and Balance Between Confucianism and Civil-service Examination System

明代儒家类丛书的编纂大体经历了明初汇纂注疏、正嘉自抒议论、隆万浅说评点、启祯儒经新说四个阶段。明代科举制度、科举的主试文体、举业文风等都影响着儒家类丛书的编纂,使其形成了重视群经总义、注重指导举业文章、遵从规定注本等特点。儒经思想学术与科举制度之间的制衡和取舍,决定了明代儒家类丛书编纂的复杂性--阐说儒理又要兼顾功利,秉承程朱也不回避阳明,兼有经学和文学的性质、学术与治道的功用。

The Confucian Series in the Ming Dynasty emphasized its guidance for the Civil-service Examination.The compilation of Confucian Series underwent four stages:compilation and annotation in the early Ming,self-expressing discussions during reigns of Emperors Zhengde and Jiajing,commentary expositions in the Longqing-Wanli period,and new interpretations of the Tianqi-Chongzhen period.The imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty,the main style of imperial examination and the style of writing all influenced the compilation of Confucian Series,leading it to form the characteristics of attaching importance to the general meaning of the Confucian classics as a whole,the guidance of the articles and the choice of the right editions of Confucian classics.The balance between Confucianism and the imperial examination system determined the complexity of the compilation of Confucian Series in Ming Dynasty.The series explained Confucianism and had to be utilitarian.It followed Zhu Xi's theory but did not avoid Wang Yangming's philosophy.It attempted to retain the essence of Confucian classics and at the same time endeavored to enhance their social function.