笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎的爱的观念

Concepts of Love of Descartes and Spinoza

欧洲关于爱的哲学和观念经历了几次转向。在希腊时代,爱的观念从狄奥尼索斯的身体之爱向苏格拉底的知识之爱和奥古斯丁的上帝之爱转变。17世纪,欧洲文艺复兴时期,爱的观念从世俗的激情之爱向对爱进行科学和理性的分析转变。笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎试图为爱建立科学的解释模式。笛卡尔认为,爱是一种特定的生理过程,是灵魂运动和身体运动的统一。他遵循情感动力学,根据力的大小,将爱划分为强烈的爱、一般的爱和不太强的爱三种类型。斯宾诺莎遵循情感几何学,论证了爱基于关系而产生的可变性、多样性、内在性和非主体性。可以发现,笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎的爱的观念分别是对奥古斯丁的上帝之爱和薄伽丘式的爱的哲学的回应。

The philosophy and concept of love in Europe have undergone several turns.In Greek times,the concept of love shifted from the physical love of Dionysus to the love of knowledge of Socrates and the love of God of Augustine.In the 17th century,during the European Renaissance,it changed from secular passionate love to scientific and rational analysis of love.Descartes and Spinoza tried to establish a scientific model of explanation for love.Descartes believed that love is a specific physiological process,and is the unity of soul movement and body movement.He utilized the principles of emotional dynamics and divided love into three types based on its intensity:strong love,ordinary love and moderate love.Following the geometry of emotion,Spinoza argued that love has variability,diversity,immanence and nonsubjectivity based on the relationships.In addition,the paper finds that the concepts of love of Descartes and Spinoza are the philosophical responses to the God’s love and Boccaccio’s love of Augustine respectively.