文化危机与艺术拯救——卢卡奇早期对“重建文化家园”的探寻

Cultural Crisis and Art’s Salvation:Lukács’Early Exploration of“Rebuilding Cultural Homeland”

卢卡奇早在青年时期就对现代社会有着异常清醒的认识。一方面,深信匈牙利官方文化的落后和毫无意义;另一方面,又对当时大家都向往的现代西方资本主义文化保持着警惕。他一边对黑暗罪孽的现代资本主义进行无情的揭露和批判,一边又为重建已经丧失总体性的世界积极求索,以避免人类社会走向更无望的深渊。无论是从其早期的论著中,还是其后来的思想上来看,卢卡奇都不仅仅是一位文艺理论家和美学家,他从未满足于探讨研究各种艺术形式和艺术特性问题,而更多是关注于生存的本质、生命的价值以及文化的总体性等形而上的终极问题。

Lukács had a very clear understanding of modern society from his youth.On the one hand,he was convinced that the official culture of Hungary was backward and meaningless;on the other hand,he remained vigilant about the modern western capitalist culture that everyone was yearning for at that time.He ruthlessly exposed and criticized the dark and sinful modern capitalism,and meanwhile actively sought to rebuild the world that had lost its totality to prevent human society from plunging into a more hopeless abyss.Whether from his early works or from his later thoughts,we can find that Lukács was more than a literary theorist and aesthetician.He was never content to explore various art forms and artistic characteristics,but paid more attention to the ultimate metaphysical issues such as the essence of our existence,the value of life,and the totality of culture.