马克思对西方传统主流哲学观的扬弃

On Marx’s Sublation of the Western Traditional Mainstream Philosophy

马克思的实践哲学观扬弃了西方传统主流哲学观,对其进行了批判继承和超越发展。批判继承方面,马克思指出西方传统主流哲学观的思维与存在的同一性前提是未经审视论证的,并批判其将存在设定为永恒不变的实体,赋予思维、观念、精神高贵神圣的地位,致使彼岸世界对此岸世界的殖民、遗忘、宰制。然而,马克思并不是全盘否定西方传统主流哲学观,他认为其以唯心主义的方式发展了人的主体能动性是值得肯定的。超越发展方面,马克思“颠倒”了西方传统主流哲学观,他不以抽象的意识为起点,而是强调感性实践活动的优先性、无限性、丰富性,认为意识是为人的感性实践活动所决定的,且意识对人的感性实践活动具有批判功能。

Marx’s practical philosophy sublates the western traditional mainstream philosophy, that is, it not only criticizes and negates the western mainstream traditional philosophy, but also inherits and surpasses it. In the aspect of critical negation, Marx deeply revealed that the presupposition of the identity of thinking and being in the western mainstream traditional philosophy was not viewed and argued, and criticized it for setting eternal existence and endows thinking, concept and spirit with noble and sacred status, which led to the colonization, forgetting and domination of people of this side by that of the other side of the real world. Marx did not completely deny the western traditional mainstream philosophy, and approved its development of human subject initiative in the way of idealism. In the aspect of inheritance and transcendence, Marx "reversed" the western traditional mainstream philosophy, that is, instead of taking abstract consciousness as the starting point, he emphasized the priority, infinity and richness of perceptual practices, and held that consciousness is determined by human perceptual practices, and consciousness has critical function to human perceptual practices.