意识形态·文化遗产·文化批判——恩斯特·布洛赫表现主义文艺思想研究

Ideology,Cultural Heritage and Cultural Critique: A Study on Ernst Bloch’s Literary Theory of Expressionism

表现主义对主体性的关注是表征与应对现代性社会危机的一种策略,其最终的诉求是唤醒主体内在的批判力量并借此形塑一种理想的社会形态。表现主义的领军人物贝恩最终投向法西斯主义的事件让人们重新思考艺术与现实的关系,形成了20世纪颇具影响力的表现主义论争。本文探究为这场论争奠定基调的布洛赫与卢卡奇之间观点的差异,进而彰显布洛赫表现主义思想的独特品格:作为意识形态批判的表现主义、作为文化遗产的表现主义和作为文化批判的表现主义。布洛赫的表现主义思想承载着反抗与颠覆的力量,它是一种提升边缘化他者地位、彰显人性的表达方法、思维方式与革命武器。

Expressionism,as the particular concern toward subjectivity,demonstrates and corresponds to the strategy of social crisis in the context of modernity. Its ultimate pursuit is to awaken the internal critical power,based upon which an ideal society is formed. The fact that Bern,the representative figure in the expressionist movement,turns out to be part of fascist front makes people reconsider the relation between art and reality,and this triggers the influential expressionist debate in the 20 thcentury. The article delves into the different assertions held by Bloch and Lukacs and further reveals the unique features of Blochian expressionism,i. e. expressionism as ideological critique,cultural heritage and cultural critique. Bloch’s expressionism bears the rebellious and subversive power. It is the demonstrativemethod, thinking mode and revolutionary weapon to promote the position of the marginalized “other” and to elevatehuman nature.