陀思妥耶夫斯基后期长篇小说的映照式形象与演进性主题

Mutually-reflective Images around an Evolving Theme in Dostoevsky’s Later Novels

陀思妥耶夫斯基后期五部长篇小说各有其形象体系,但分属于不同小说的某类人物却存有相似的精神内质,形成跨文本的互相映照的形象序列。同序列形象的精神特征在小说创作系统中逐步得到丰富与强化,既构成了五部小说关于自由主题的演进之基础,又使得后期五部小说在形象与主题方面具有整体联动性。动态式的形象与主题成为陀思妥耶夫斯基书写民族历史、文化记忆与文化选择的有效手段。

Although each of Dostoevsky’s five later novels has its own image system,characters of certain types portrayed in these different novels share similar spiritual qualities,and form trans-textual and mutually-reflective sequences of images.The spiritual traits of the images under the same sequence are gradually enriched and strengthened in the process of creation of the five novels.They not only constitute the basis of the evolution of the theme of freedom shared in the five novels,but also facilitate a holistic inter-connection of images and the theme.Dynamic images and themes become effective means for Dostoevsky to write national history,retain cultural memory and make cultural selection.