陀思妥耶夫斯基“中篇小说”体裁诗学特征

Poetic Characteristics of Dostoevsky’s “Novelette” Genre

体裁是诗学和文学史的交汇点,是文学研究中的一个重要问题。俄罗斯文学中所特有的体裁"中篇小说"(повесть)有着悠久的传统和丰富的内涵。体裁是呈现陀思妥耶夫斯基文学思想的重要方式,他总是对自己的作品有着清晰的体裁定位。在作家六部"中篇小说"的创作历程中,陀思妥耶夫斯基孜孜不倦地探索小说艺术,继承体裁传统的同时不断创新,在叙事的深层结构、时空机制和作品结构方面形成了自己的"中篇小说"诗学特色。他的创作历程成为这一体裁典范化过程中重要的一环。

Genre is the intersection of poetry and literary history, and it is an important issue in the study of literature. “повесть”(“novelette”) is an unique and one of the most popular genres in the Russian literature, which has a long and rich tradition and connotation. Genre is an essential way to present Dostoevsky’s literary thoughts. He always has a clear genre orientation of his works in his literary creation. The six “novelettes” were witnessed in his tireless exploration of literature. Dostoevsky inherits the tradition of genre in his “creative laboratory” and innovates constantly. He has formed his own “novelette” style in the deep structure of narration, the mechanism of time and space and the structure of works. The poetic characteristics of his “novelettes” becomes an important part in the process of the integration.