大气低分子烷基胺的测量方法及研究进展

Measurement Methods and Research Progress of Atmospheric Low Molecular Alkyl Amines

低分子烷基胺是大气中最常见和含量丰富的胺类,具有高水溶性和强碱性,广泛存在于大气气相和颗粒相中。大气低分子烷基胺的气/粒转化对成核、新粒子生长和二次气溶胶生成贡献显著,并影响颗粒物吸湿性,参与导致灰霾的形成。大气低分子烷基胺的测量方法主要有离子色谱法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、化学电离质谱法和单颗粒气溶胶质谱法,各有优势和不足,在线质谱法的应用还较少。近年来,国内外对大气低分子烷基胺的关注度较高,已有研究对城市、郊区和海洋等不同类型地区的气相和颗粒相低分子烷基胺进行了测量,在大气低分子烷基胺的浓度大小、分子组成、时空分布、来源分析和大气行为方面取得了一定的进展。由于采样和测量方法等条件的限制,研究工作缺乏时间的连续性和不同区域类型的空间覆盖率,仍需更多实测数据的补充。由于对大气低分子烷基胺的来源认识不足和对其大气转化机理认识的局限,来源分析和大气行为方面的工作仍有较大的不足,需要在未来进一步研究。

Low molecular alkyl amines are the most common and abundant amines in the atmosphere,with high water solubility and strong alkalinity,and are widely dispersed in the atmosphere in both the gas-phase and particle-phase.The gas/particle conversion of atmospheric low molecular alkyl amines contributes significantly to particle nucleation,growth of new particles,and the formation of secondary aerosols.It also affects the particle hygroscopicity,thus contributing to haze formations.The techniques to measure atmospheric low molecular alkyl amines are mainly Ion Chromatography(IC),Gas Chromatography(GC),High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry(CIMS),and Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry(SPAMS).Each measurement method has certain advantages and disadvantages,and limited applications in online mass spectrometry.In recent years,more attention has been paid to atmospheric low molecular alkyl amines.Previous research has measured gas-phase and particle-phase amines in different areas including urban,suburban,and marine.Research has progressed in identifying the concentration,composition,temporal&spatial distribution,source analysis,and atmospheric behaviors of atmospheric low molecular alkyl amines.Research is limited by sampling and measurement methods and our understanding of the mechanisms.We also lack information on time continuity and spatial coverage of different regional types.Improved measurement data is required.Despite our understanding of the sources of atmospheric low molecular alkyl amines and the mechanism of their atmospheric conversion,there remain great deficiencies in source analysis and atmospheric behavior.Further research is needed to address these deficiencies.We aim to introduce the various measurement methods for atmospheric low molecular alkyl amines and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages,the research progress,and existing problems.The atmospheric low molecular alkyl amines in China are discussed based on the aspects of concentration composition,temporal&spatial distribution,source analysis,and atmospheric behaviors.The future research focus on atmospheric low molecular alkyl amines is prospected.