《刑法修正案(十一)》中高空抛物罪的法益与客观方面刍议

On the Legal Interests and Objective Aspects of the Crime of Throwing Objects at High Altitude in the Criminal Law Amendment(11)

《刑法修正案(十一)》将高空抛物行为纳入刑法规制范围,加大了对危害公民、危害社会行为的惩治力度。通过现实案例和刑法教义学分析可以发现,高空抛物罪所保护的法益虽位于第六章"妨害社会管理秩序罪",但从现实情况可以推断出,高空抛物罪所保护的法益主要为公民在公共场所中安全平和的状态,其次为公民的人身权利及与人身相关的财产权利。并且应当将高空抛物行为要素中的"高空"根据案情的不同进行实质解释,"抛掷"应当涵盖所有抛掷性质的行为,"物品"的界定不应当仅囿于固态之中,而应当遵从抛掷物的物质属性。同时,"情节严重"的认定不应当以行为人的主观恶性与多次实施抛物行为为标准,应当以客观事实为依据,着眼于高空抛物行为是否扰乱了公共秩序来进行情节判断。

Bringing the crime of throwing objects at high altitude into the scope of criminal law and regulation has increased the punishment of endangering citizens and endangering social behavior.Through the analysis of practical cases and the doctrines of criminal law,it can be found that although the legal interests protected by the crime of high-altitude throwing are located in the"crime of obstructing social management order"in Chapter VI,it can be inferred from the actual situation that the legal interests protected by the crime of high-altitude throwing are mainly the state of safety and peace of citizens in public places,followed by citizens’personal rights and personal related property rights.Besides,the"high altitude"in the elements of high-altitude throwing behavior should be substantially explained according to the different circumstances of the case."Throwing"should cover all throwing behaviors,and the definition of"article"should not be limited to the solid state,but should comply with the material attributes of throwing objects.At the same time,the determination of"serious circumstances"should not be based on the perpetrator’s subjective malignancy and repeated parabolic behavior,but be based on objective facts and focus on whether the high-altitude parabolic behavior disturbed the public order.