迈向城乡互构的基层治理——基于广州市1144个涉农行政村村规民约的调查研究

Grassroots Governance Towards Mutual Construction Between Urban and Rural Areas:Based on the Investigation of Village Regulations in 1,144 Suburban Administrations in Guangzhou

在城乡统筹发展的背景下,实现城乡良性双向流动给基层治理、尤其超大城市城郊农村的治理带来新的挑战。村规民约作为村民自治的重要实践内容,应作为基层治理的重要抓手,应适应新时代,作出新的理解与完善。本研究通过对广州市1144个涉农行政村的资料分析与田野调查,归纳出村规民约的运作机制及现存问题,并依据"宗族文化"与"集体经济"这两个广州乡村的鲜明特征,从文化与经济双重维度将广州市的涉农村庄划分为四种基本类型,对村规民约的内容设计、制定流程有针对性地提出了优化建议。本研究认为,在城乡统筹发展、一体化发展的新时代,"城"与"乡"作为互构的有机体,二者之间人口的流动应该是双向、良性的流动,应当遵循国家战略规划,顺应时代要求和在地居民的生活脉络,进一步修订完善村规民约,以开放、平等、共享的基层治理来更充分地保障人民择地安居的自由,实现人民安居乐业、社会安定有序。

In the new era of coordinated urban-rural development,the realization of a benign two-way flow between urban and rural areas brings new challenges to grassroots governance,especially the governance of suburban villages in megacities.As an important way of practicing villagers’autonomy,village regulations should be used as a significant way of governance and be interpreted and improved adapting to the new era.Through data analysis and field investigation of 1,144 suburban administrations in Guangzhou,this research summarizes the operating mechanism and existing problems of village regulations based on two distinctive characteristics of Guangzhou’s villages:clan culture and collective economy.The studied villages are then divided into four basic types according to their cultural and economic status.Bettering the content design and formulation process of village regulations is specifically suggested.This study argues that in a new era of urban-rural integration,there should be a benign two-way population flow between urban and rural areas that abides by national strategies,realistic demands and the livelihoods of locals.Village regulations should be further optimized to thoroughly protect people’s freedom to live,work and enjoy a safe and stable social environment on an open,fair and shared basis.