摘要
State-of-the-art tissue analogues used in high-fidelity,hands-on medical simulation modules can deliver lifelike appearance and feel but lack the capability to provide quantified,real-time assessment of practitioner performance.The monolithic fabrication of hybrid printed/textile piezoresistive strain sensors in a realistic Y/V plasty suture training pad is demonstrated.A class of 3D-printable organogels comprised of inexpensive and nonhazardous feedstocks is used as the sensing medium,and conductive composite threads are used as the electrodes.These organogels are comprised of a glycol-based deep-eutectic solvent(DES)serving as the ionic conductor and 3-trimethoxysilylmethacrylate-capped fumed silica particles serving as the gelating agent.Rheology measurements reveal the influence of fumed silica particle capping group on the mixture rheology.Freestanding strain sensors demonstrate a maximum strain amplitude of 300%,negligible signal drift,a monotonic sensor response,a low degree of hysteresis,and excellent cyclic stability.The increased contact resistance of the conductive thread electrodes used in place of wire electrodes do not make a significant impact on sensor performance.This work showcases the potential of these organogels utilized in sensorized tissue analogues and freestanding strain sensors for widespread applications in medical simulation and education.
