河北省野生酸枣果实主要经济学性状分析评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Main Economic Characters of Wild Jujube Fruits in Hebei Province

【目的】对不同地区野生酸枣资源果实的生物学性状及化学成分(皂苷A、斯皮诺素)进行测定分析,计算其变异系数,并研究其主要性状及化学成分含量与生态环境关系,为河北省的酸枣野生资源优选利用和酸枣药用价值评价提供理论依据。【方法】2019年9月到10月采集石家庄市、邢台市、保定市、承德市和张家口市5个地区的野生酸枣,对所收集样品进行生物学性状调查测定,然后对其进行阴干,脱去果肉和果壳,得到酸枣仁,利用高效液相色谱仪等测定样品中皂苷A和斯皮诺素含量。【结果】1)研究了酸枣6个主要数值型性状的次数分布规律。果形指数分布较集中,95.38%处于0.8~1.3,单果质量62.69%在0.4~1.6 g,果肉率59%处于45%~65%,千仁质量34.7%处于38~48 g。2)探明了9个主要数值型性状的分布范围、变异系数。变异系数最大的性状是单果质量(0.5),依次为斯皮诺素(0.37)、皂苷A(0.35)、果仁率(0.34)、千仁质量(0.30)、果肉率(0.17)、果形指数(0.11)。3)分析了酸枣7个性状及2个化学成分含量与海拔和纬度之间的相关性以及性状之间的相关性。结果表明,纬度与果实横径相关系数为-0.66,呈显著负相关。4)筛选的仁用和果肉加工用酸枣中,邢台沙河的样品占比最高。

【Objective】The biological characters and functional components(saponin A and spinosin)of wild jujube resources in different areas were determined and analyzed,the coefficient of variation was calculated,and the relationship between main characters,functional component content and ecological environment were studied.It provides a theoretical basis for the optimum utilization of wild jujube resources and the evaluation of its medicinal value in Hebei Province.【Method】September to October in 2019,collected the wild zizyphus jujube of five region in Shijiazhuang,Xingtai,Baoding,Chengde and zhangjiakou city,determination of biological character investigation of collected samples,and then carries on the air-dried,pulp and the nut off,get zizyphus jujube kernel,such as using high performance liquid chromatograph determination of saponins in sample A and pinot content.【Results】1)The frequency distribution of six main numerical characters of wild jujube was studied.The distribution of fruit shape index was concentrated,which 95.38%was between 0.8~1.3,62.69%of single fruit weight was between of 0.4~1.6 g;59%pulp rate was between 45%~65%;34.7%thousand kernel weight was between 38~48 g.2)The distribution range and coefficient of variation of 9 main numerical characters were proved.The traits with the largest coefficient of variation were single fruit weight(0.5),followed by spinozin(0.37),saponin A(0.35),kernel rate(0.34),thousand kernel weight(0.30),pulp rate(0.17)and fruit shape index(0.11).3)The correlation between 7 characters and the contents of 2 medicinal components of wild jujube and altitude and latitude,as well as the correlation between characters were analyzed.The results showed that the correlation coefficient between latitude and fruit transverse diameter was-0.66,which was significantly negatively correlated.4)Among the selected wild jujube for kernel and pulp processing,the sample of Shahe in Xingtai accounted for the highest proportion.