山东泰山地区猕猴桃品种间抗寒性调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Cold Resistance among Kiwifruit Cultivars in Taishan Area, Shandong Province

【目的】猕猴桃作为富含维生素的“水果之王”深受群众喜爱,但近年来多地发生冻害情况,给猕猴桃生产带来巨大损失,该研究针对猕猴桃冻害、生理指标、基因表达进行了分析,以便为猕猴桃抗寒性研究提供理论基础。【方法】对4年生‘泰山1号’‘徐香’等10个猕猴桃品种,于2月17日观察冻伤切面,于2021年3月15日和2021年3月25日,随机选取一个品种的3个植株,每个植株随机选取两个枝条,统计萌芽率。同时对生理指标丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、电导率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)进行了测定。【结果】通过试验,从分子、表观层面分析了不同猕猴桃品种间抗寒性的差异,发现软枣、中华系猕猴桃抗寒性强于美味系猕猴桃,得到了适于山东泰山地区生产的‘泰山1号’‘脐红’‘金红50’和‘龙成2号’猕猴桃品种,部分美味系猕猴桃抗寒性太差,不适合山东地区种植。该研究可以通过生理指标、基因表达情况选择更为抗寒的猕猴桃品种,可以开发抗寒性分子标记,以快速筛选抗寒品种。

【Objective】Kiwifruit,as the‘king of fruits’,which is rich in vitamins,is loved by the consumers.But in recent years,many reports have been reported about the freezing injury,which has brought great losses to kiwifruit yield.In order to provide theoretical basis for research on cold resistance of Kiwifruit,this study analyzed freezing injury,physiological indexes and gene expression of Kiwifruit.【Method】Ten kiwifruit varieties,including four-year-old taishan No.1 and Xuxiang,were randomly selected on March 15,2021 and March 25,2021 to observe the frostbite section on February 17.Three plants of a variety were randomly selected on March 15,2021 and two branches of each plant were randomly selected to count the germination rate.At the same time,the physiological indexes malondialdehyde,soluble sugar,proline,electrical conductivity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were determined.【Results】The differences in cold resistance between different kiwifruit cultivars were analyzed from molecular and apparent levels.It was found that the cold resistance of Actinidia arguta and Actinidia chinensis was stronger than that of Actinidia deliciosa.The kiwifruit cultivars‘Taishan 1’,‘Qihong’,‘Jinhong 50’and‘Longcheng 2’suitable for growing in Taishan area of Shandong Province,part of the delicious department of kiwi cold resistance is too poor,not suitable for shandong planting.This study can select more cold-resistant kiwifruit varieties through physiological indicators and gene expression,and develop cold-resistant molecular markers to quickly screen cold-resistant varieties.