苹果建园管理技术

Management Technique of Apple Orchard

苹果建园质量是保证新栽幼树能否健壮生长的关键,为此应从建园规划、栽植技术及栽后管理3个方面考虑:1)园地应选择海拔800~1000 m,土壤深厚、排灌良好,坡度小于5°的南坡台硷地或西南缓坡台硷地、塬面耕地,并要求通风透光良好。2)合理搭配早熟、中熟、晚熟品种,搭配比例为127,配置授粉树。采用矮化自根砧苗木或中间砧苗木,选用适合的株行距。3)栽后管理主要考虑灌水、埋土防寒、放苗、覆黑地布、间作与施肥几方面,保证新栽幼树健壮生长,促使早成形、早结果。

Apple garden quality is the key of new planted sapling can robust growth,therefore should be constructed after planning,planting technology and plant management three aspects to consider:1)The garden should choose 800~1000 m above sea level,deep soil,good drainage and irrigation,the slope is less than 5°south ramp alkaline or alkaline,the table-land southwest gentle slope cultivated land,and requires good ventilation pervious to light.2)Reasonable collocation of early-maturing,middle-maturing and late-maturing varieties,with a matching ratio of 127,and pollination trees.Use dwarfing self-root stock or intermediate stock stock,choose suitable plant spacing.3)After planting management mainly considering irrigation,buried soil cold,seedling,covering black cloth,intercropping and fertilization several aspects,to ensure that the newly planted saplings robust growth,promote early formation,early fruit.