静宁县文冠果开发利用中存在的问题及发展建议

Problems and Suggestions in the Development and Utilization of Xanthocarp in Jingning County

文冠果也叫木瓜,是静宁县境内广泛分布的一种野生油料树种。文冠果栽培可很好的保持水土,可美化环境,可促进中蜂养殖业的发展,为当地提供了高级食用油,具有较高的药用价值。但多年栽培发现文冠果栽植成活率低,自然坐果少,管理粗放,产能较低,开发利用滞后,限制了其规模化发展。为此,结合文冠果生物学特性,提出一些发展建议:要不断扩大种植规模,为效益化生产打好基础;加快品种驯化进程,有效的缩短文冠果童年期,促进早结果;必须科学栽植,加强树盘中耕,控制草荒,修剪除蘖,保花保果,提高成活率,适量施肥,适期采收;同时也要在主产区上扩展自动加工生产线,提高文冠果油料加工能力,以提升产业效益。

Xanthocarp,also known as papaya,is a wild oil tree widely distributed in Jingning County.The cultivation of Xanthocorpa can well preserve soil and water,beautify the environment,promote the development of Chinese bee breeding,provide local high grade edible oil,and have high medicinal value.However,many years of cultivation found that the low survival rate,less natural fruit setting,extensive management,low productivity,development and utilization lag,which restricted its large-scale development.Based on the biological characteristics of Xanthocorpa,some development suggestions were put forward:to enlarge the planting scale continuously to lay a good foundation for efficient production;Accelerate the domestication process of varieties,effectively shorten the early fruit period,promote early fruit;Must be scientific planting,strengthen the tree tray tillage,control grass waste,pruning in addition to tillering,flower and fruit protection,improve the survival rate,appropriate fertilization,suitable harvest;At the same time,automatic processing production lines should be expanded in the main production areas to improve the processing capacity of xinguan fruit oil,so as to enhance industrial benefits.