发电锅炉材料与防护涂层的磨蚀机制与研究展望

Corrosion-Erosion Mechanism and Research Prospect of Bare Materials and Protective Coatings for Power Generation Boiler

作为目前主要的电力供应设备和CO_(2)排放场所,随着"碳达峰-碳中和"目标的提出,燃煤发电锅炉逐渐向零碳/低碳排放的生物质发电锅炉和生物质-燃煤混烧发电锅炉方向发展。燃煤及生物质中含硫、含氯组分的腐蚀及磨损行为对锅炉安全长效运行构成严重威胁,因此,沉积防护涂层成为提高锅炉耐蚀耐磨性能的便捷高效手段。本文综述了目前燃煤锅炉、生物质锅炉及生物质-燃煤混烧锅炉基体材料和防护涂层在高温腐蚀及冲蚀磨损方面的研究成果,针对燃煤及生物质燃烧环境,总结了高温硫酸盐腐蚀及碱金属氯化物腐蚀机理,阐述了生物质-燃煤混烧环境中灰沉积-冲击机制,介绍了目前锅炉基体材料的应用现状,归纳了在腐蚀和磨损不同环境下合金涂层、陶瓷涂层、金属陶瓷涂层的设计原则、制备方法及应用现状。指出了当前锅炉防护研究亟待解决的问题,包括:热腐蚀机理研究不深入,缺乏准确的腐蚀-磨损预测模型,防护涂层种类较少。最后,提出采用材料基因组工程及机器学习方法来加速材料研发,开展腐蚀-磨损机理及多因素耦合模型的研究,同时强调粉末合成设计-涂层结构设计-服役性能评价一体化研究对新型防护涂层研发的重要性。

Since the“emission peak-carbon neutrality”goal was proposed,coal-fired boilers,which are major power supply equipment and CO_(2) emission sites,have been gradually developed to zerocarbon emission biomass and low-carbon coal/biomass cofired boiler.The corrosion and erosion behavior of the sulfur and chlorine components of coal and biomass poses a serious threat to the safety and longterm operation of boilers,and protective coatings have become a convenient and efficient way to improve the corrosion and erosion resistance of boilers.This paper reviews recent research progress on hightemperature corrosion and erosion of bare materials and protective coatings used in coal-fired,biomass,and coal/biomass cofired boilers.The mechanism of sulfur corrosion and alkali chlorine corrosion in coalburning and biomass combustion environments is summarized.The ash deposition-impaction mechanism in coal/biomass cofired environments is described.The current application status of boiler bare materials is introduced,and the design principles,preparation processes,and application status of alloy,ceramic,and metal-ceramic coatings in corrosive and erosive environments are summarized.Based on the current findings,future research on corrosion and erosion of boilers should focus on imperfect hot corrosion mechanisms,accurate corrosion-wear prediction models and types of protective coatings.Finally,material genome engineering and machine learning are proposed to accelerate material research/development and study the corrosion-erosion mechanisms as well as multifactor coupling models.There is a need to integrate powder synthesis methods,coating structure designs,and in-service performance into the development of new protective coatings.