文章学视角下明清诗话中的七言古诗评点

On Seven-Character Ancient Poems in the Ming and Qing Poetry Talks from the Perspective of Literary Theory

明清时期,在“以文取士”的科举制度所引起的“文本位”思潮的影响下,明清诗话中出现了利用文章学中的具体文法和笔法对七言古诗的立意、构思、结构等方面进行评点的现象。究其背后的原因,一方面是因为明清时期的文章评点因八股文取士出现了勃兴的态势;另一方面,七言古诗的写作在唐代经历了从“乐府化”到“散文化”的转变,这也为明清诗话中从文章学的角度分析七言古诗提供了基础。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,under the influence of the“text-oriented position”trend of thought caused by the imperial examination system of“selecting scholars by literature”,there was a phenomenon of using the specific grammar and writing method in the poetics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to comment on the conception and structure of seven-character ancient poetry.The reasons lie in the following aspects:on the one hand,the article comments in the Ming and Qing Dynasties flourished due to the selection of scholars by stereotyped writing;on the other hand,the writing of seven-character ancient poetry experienced the transformation from“Yuefu”to“prose culture”in the Tang Dynasty,which also provided the basis for the analysis of seven-character ancient poetry from the perspective of prose in the poetry of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.