我国农田水利供给体系创新研究——以发达国家的经验为借鉴

On the Innovation of Farmland Water Conservancy Supply System in China:Learning from Experiences of Developed Countries

农田水利供给体系高质高效运行是农业发展、乡村振兴的重要支撑,随着乡村社会的变迁,我国农田水利供给体系的运行陷入困境。文章以美国、日本、韩国、以色列等发达国家为例,从投资、建造、管护及农田灌溉服务提供等四个方面分析其农田水利供给体系的运行经验,在借鉴这些发达国家经验的基础上,提出了实现我国农田水利供给体系高质高效运行的创新路径。具体措施包括:加快我国农田水利供给体系高质高效运行的顶层政策设计;构建政府主导和引导的农田水利工程设施多元化投资模式;构建农田水利工程设施系统化建造模式;构建产权清晰界定、多元主体参与下的农田水利工程设施分级分类管护模式;构建融技术支撑、政策引导、水权市场助力为一体的节约化、高效化农田灌溉服务提供模式。

High-quality and efficient operation of the supply system of irrigation and water conservancy(SSIWC)is an important support for agricultural development and rural revitalization.However,China's SSIWC operation is facing certain difficulties with the change of rural society.This paper analyzes operating experiences of SSIWC in USA,Japan,South Korea,and Israel from investment,construction,management and irrigation service,and puts forward some paths to realize high-quality and efficient operation of China's SSIWC based on the experiences of these developed countries:accelerating top-level policy design of high-quality and efficient operation of China's SSIWC;and constructing the following models:a diversified investment model of irrigation and water conservancy projects under the guidance of government,a systematic construction model of irrigation and water conservancy projects,a hierarchical and classified management and protection model of irrigation and water conservancy projects with clear definition of property rights and participation of multiple subjects,an economical and efficient irrigation service delivery model integrating technical support,policy guidance and water rights market assistance.