贺兰山东麓赤霞珠葡萄果实成熟进程及品质差异分析

Analysis on Fruit Ripening Process and Quality Difference of Cabernet Sauvignon at the Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain

在贺兰山东麓选取八个赤霞珠葡萄园,通过转色至采收果实品质变化的监测,分析比较不同地区赤霞珠葡萄果实成熟进程及采收期品质差异。结果表明,赤霞珠葡萄成熟过程中果实还原糖含量由49.66 g/L增加至231.85 g/L,可滴定酸含量由33.51 g/L降至7.44 g/L。果皮总酚由28.78 mg/g上升至37.79 mg/g,单宁由5.83 mg/g上升至8.63 mg/g,两者总体呈上升趋势,在后期有一定幅度回落,且变化趋势相吻合。花色苷含量由0.098 mg/g增加至1.40 mg/g,整体呈现上升趋势;黄烷醇含量由1.92 mg/g降至1.32 mg/g,整体呈现下降趋势;两者前期上升或下降较快,后期呈波动变化。果实采收期美御果实还原糖含量最高(257.42 g/L),玉泉营、黄羊滩果实糖含量(小于210 g/L)显著低于其他地区(P<0.05);黄羊滩果实可滴定酸含量偏高,达10.08 g/L,美御、二基地果实酸含量低于6 g/L;御马果皮总酚含量最高(43.76 mg/g),园林场果皮总酚含量最低(32.15 mg/g);御马果皮单宁含量最高,接近10 mg/g,御马和金沙果皮花色苷含量显著高于其他地区(P<0.05)。果实成熟过程中,御马、二基地果皮黄烷醇含量较高,玉泉营、园林场黄烷醇含量较低。成熟顺序依次为:观兰—美御—御马—金沙和二基地—玉泉营和园林场—黄羊滩。采用主成分分析对不同地区赤霞珠葡萄果实品质进行比较分析,御马基地赤霞珠果皮酚类物质含量丰富,糖酸适宜,果实品质最好,其次是金沙基地。本研究结果为宁夏贺兰山东麓选择赤霞珠葡萄最佳种植区以及各产区判断采收时间提供数据支持。

Based on the monitoring of fruit quality changes from the veraison period to harvest in eight Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,the fruit development process and quality differences at harvest time of Cabernet Sauvignon in different regions were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the reducing sugar content increased from 49.66 g/L to 231.85 g/L,and the titratable acid content decreased from 33.51 g/L to 7.44 g/L during the ripening process of Cabernet Sauvignon.The total phenolics and tannins in the pericarp increased from 28.78 mg/g to37.79 mg/g and 5.83 mg/g to 8.63 mg/g,respectively,and they showed an upward trend in general,but decreased to a certain extent in the later stage,and the change trend was consistent.The anthocyanins content increased from 0.098 mg/g to 1.40 mg/g,showing an upward trend,and the flavanol content decreased from 1.92 mg/g to 1.32 mg/g,showing a downward trend generally.Both of them rose or fell rapidly in the early stage and fluctuated in the later stage.The reducing sugar content of fruit in Meiyu was the highest(257.42 g/L),and the sugar content of fruit in Yuquanying and Huangyangtan(less than 210 g/L)was significantly lower than that in other areas(P<0.05);the titratable acid content of fruit in Huangyangtan was high,up to 10.08 g/L,and the acid content of fruit in Meiyu and the Erjidi was lower than 6 g/L;the total phenol content of pericarp in Yuma was the highest(43.76 mg/g),and that in Yuanlinchang was the lowest(32.15 mg/g);the tannin content of pericarp in Yuma was the highest,close to 10 mg/g,the anthocyanin content of pericarp in Yuma and Jinsha was significantly higher than that in other areas(P<0.05).In the process of fruit ripening,the flavanol content of peel in Yuma and Erjidi was higher,and that in Yuquanying and Yuanlinchang farm was lower.The maturation sequence was as follows:Guanlan-Meiyu-Yuma-Jinsha and Erjidi-Yuquanying and Yuanlinchang-Huangyangtan.The grape quality of Cabernet Sauvignon from different regions was analyzed by principal component analysis,the fruit quality of Cabernet Sauvignon in Yuma plant base was the best,with rich phenolic substances and suitable sugar and acid,followed by Jinsha plant base.The results of this study provide data support for selecting the best planting area of Cabernet Sauvignon grape and judging the harvest time in each region at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,Ningxia.